Renowned historian Yasmin Khan, author of "The Raj at War", reveals the overlooked narrative of the Indian Army's vital contributions in World War II. She discusses the camaraderie built between Indian and British troops, despite the racial inequities they faced. Key topics include the tragic decision to abandon Indian soldiers during Dunkirk and the rise of Indian leaders' civil disobedience in response to British policies. Khan's insights connect these historical events to the seeds of India's independence movement and highlight the complexities of loyalty and sacrifice.
The podcast highlights the overlooked contributions and sacrifices of Indian soldiers during the World Wars, emphasizing the delayed recognition of their efforts within historical narratives.
It discusses how World War II acted as a catalyst for Indian nationalism, leading to rising tensions and ultimately the demand for independence from British rule.
Deep dives
Introduction of the Apple Watch Series 10
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Reflection on Indian Army Contributions
The discussion focuses on the often-overlooked contributions of the Indian Army during the First and Second World Wars, particularly highlighting how Commonwealth soldiers were acknowledged much later, with the Commonwealth gates in Westminster being established only in 2002. Yasmin Khan emphasizes that the retrospective recognition of these soldiers' sacrifices is a relatively recent development, reflecting a broader societal change in acknowledging the role of India within the British Empire. The hosts also reflect on the intriguing terminology used to describe those soldiers, noting that the Commonwealth did not exist during the wars, yet it is the term now used to honor their efforts. This invites a deeper conversation about historical narratives and the complexities involved in redefining collective memory.
Complex Views on Indian Participation
The episode delves into the complicated motivations behind Indian soldiers joining the British Army during the World Wars, balancing between patriotism and economic necessity. Many recruits felt a sense of duty to defend their homeland, even amid the oppressive context of colonial rule, highlighting the dichotomy of loyalty and resistance present in their enlistment. Additionally, the podcast discusses how historical promises of reward after the war often went unfulfilled, leading to feelings of betrayal among returning soldiers. This complexity illustrates the nuanced relationships between colonial power and soldier participation during wartime.
Consequences of War on India's Future
The podcast interprets how the fallout from World War II catalyzed significant political changes in India, leading to a rise in nationalist sentiment and creating fractures in community relations. As the independence movement gained momentum amid the chaos of war, Gandhi's opposition to being conscripted into a conflict that did not represent India's interests reflected a growing desire for autonomy amongst Indian leaders. Furthermore, the failure of the British to adequately address the demands and aspirations of Indian society led to escalating tensions and set the stage for post-war violence. This culminated in the Partition as independence became inevitable, showcasing the profound effect of global conflicts on India's trajectory toward self-rule.
For many years, commemorations of the two World Wars excluded the memorialisation of soldiers from the British Empire. But campaigners have gradually turned the spotlight on their experiences.
In the First and Second World War, approximately 3.8 million soldiers from the Indian subcontinent served in the British Army. Indian and British troops often formed friendships that lasted beyond the wars, bonded in their camaraderie and bravery. Yet there was a ceiling for Indian soldiers, they would never go on to receive top jobs or become commanders. And despite camaraderie on the front, the top generals saw Indians as lesser. During the evacuation of Dunkirk, the British were given the order to “cut loose your Indians and your mules”. This horrified leaders in Delhi and despite Nehru’s passionate antifascism, the Congress began small acts of civil disobedience in protest of India being placed in a war that it didn’t sign up to.
Listen as William and Anita are joined by Yasmin Khan to discuss the Raj at War, and how World War Two became a catalyst for the end of British rule in India…
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