Episode 262: Perioperative Methadone with Evan Kharash
Aug 28, 2023
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Dr. Evan Kharash, an expert in perioperative methadone use, discusses its safety, effectiveness, and patient satisfaction compared to other opioids. They explore the unique characteristics and pharmacokinetics of methadone, dosing considerations, and its benefits for pain management. The episode also includes personal stories about dealing with rats and TV show recommendations.
Methadone is a highly effective drug for perioperative pain control, offering advantages such as lower pain scores, reduced opioid consumption, and increased patient satisfaction.
Methadone has a longer duration of action than other opioids, potentially preventing the development of chronic post-surgical pain and providing sustained analgesia.
When using methadone, factors such as patient characteristics, appropriate dosing, and potential drug interactions should be carefully considered for optimal pain management in the perioperative period.
Deep dives
The Benefits of Methadone for Pain Control
Methadone is a highly effective drug for intraoperative and postoperative pain control. It offers several advantages over other opioids, including lower pain scores, reduced opioid consumption, increased patient satisfaction, and a comparable side effect profile. Methadone has a longer duration of action, lasting up to several days, and it is not metabolized by the same enzyme as other opioids, reducing the risk of drug interactions. It has also been shown to have long-lasting effects, potentially preventing the development of chronic post-surgical pain. Methadone is a cost-effective option compared to other opioids, providing significant benefits without the downsides. While more research is needed, combining low-dose ketamine with methadone may enhance pain control and opioid reduction. Methadone does carry a black box warning for QT prolongation, but this is rare with low single doses. Methadone can be safely used in patients with renal insufficiency, but caution is advised in moderate to severe hepatic disease. Overall, methadone is an excellent choice for pain management in the perioperative period, providing effective and long-lasting analgesia for improved patient outcomes.
The Safety and Efficacy of Methadone in Practice
Methadone is commonly used in the operating room and recovery room, with many clinicians reporting positive results. Patients who are administered methadone experience less pain, requiring lower opioid doses, leading to better patient satisfaction. Methadone has been shown to be safe when used as a single dose in the intraoperative period, with no increase in side effects or drug interactions. The long duration of action allows for sustained analgesia, reducing the need for additional opioids. Studies have also suggested that methadone may have long-lasting effects, providing pain relief for days, weeks, or even months after surgery. Methadone is cost-effective, making it an attractive option for pain management. Overall, methadone is a valuable addition to perioperative pain control strategies.
Tips for Using Methadone in Practice
When using methadone, it is important to consider factors such as patient characteristics and surgical procedures. Methadone can be administered as a single intraoperative dose, with typical doses of 10-20 milligrams, adjusted based on ideal body weight. It is generally well-tolerated, and concerns about QT prolongation are minimal with recommended dosing. Methadone should not be mixed with regional or neuraxial anesthesia, as its efficacy may be reduced. The addition of low-dose ketamine can enhance the effects of methadone and improve pain control. It is advisable to avoid sedating medications and monitor renal and hepatic function when using methadone. Overall, using methadone in the perioperative period can provide effective and long-lasting pain management for improved patient outcomes.
The Potential of Methadone for Chronic Post-Surgical Pain
Methadone has shown promise in preventing the development of chronic post-surgical pain. Acute post-operative pain is a significant risk factor for chronic pain, and effective pain control during the perioperative period is crucial. Methadone's long duration of action and ability to provide sustained analgesia may contribute to its potential to minimize chronic pain. Studies have demonstrated that patients receiving methadone experience lower pain scores and require less opioid use for several months post-surgery compared to those receiving other opioids. While the exact mechanism is not fully understood, methadone's effectiveness in treating acute pain may help mitigate the transition to chronic pain. Further research is needed to explore the impact of methadone on chronic post-surgical pain.
Considerations and Recommendations for Methadone Use
Methadone offers clear benefits for pain management in the perioperative period. When using methadone, it is crucial to follow appropriate dosing guidelines based on the patient's ideal body weight. Monitoring for potential drug interactions and adjusting doses in patients with renal or hepatic insufficiency is necessary. Methadone should not be combined with sedating medications or regional anesthesia. It is important to educate patients about the long-lasting effects of methadone and potential side effects. Implementing methadone as part of pain control strategies can improve patient outcomes by providing effective and sustained analgesia. However, individual patient factors should always be considered, and healthcare professionals should tailor their approach accordingly.
In this 262nd episode I welcome Dr. Evan Kharash to the show to discuss the use of methadone perioperatively instead of more commonly used opioids such as fentanyl and dilaudid. We discuss the safety of methadone, how it works, and the evidence for superiority in terms of pain control, total opioid use, and patient satisfaction.