Lawfare Archive: Milley, Trump and Civil-Military Relations with Peter Feaver, Kori Schake, and Alexander Vindman
Nov 17, 2024
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In this engaging discussion, Peter Feaver, a civil-military relations expert, Kori Schake from the American Enterprise Institute, and Alexander Vindman, a military fellow, dive into General Milley’s controversial actions during the Trump administration. They explore the balance of military authority and civilian oversight, scrutinizing Milley's communications with Chinese officials amidst crises. The trio highlights the ethical dilemmas faced by military leaders, the implications of their decisions on national security, and the critical need for principled military guidance in politically charged environments.
General Milley's communications with Chinese officials during political instability highlight the importance of military diplomacy for national security.
The podcast discusses civil-military relations, emphasizing the need for military leaders to navigate complex chains of command during crises.
Experts emphasize that future military leaders must balance discretion and adherence to protocols while supporting civilian authority and national security.
Deep dives
Milley's Communication with China
General Milley's communication with Chinese counterparts during a politically charged period is examined, highlighting the necessity for military leaders to reassure foreign military officials to maintain diplomatic stability. This interaction occurred amid concerns that the Chinese might misinterpret U.S. actions, particularly following the January 6 Capitol riots and amid fears of potential military aggression. Critics argue that Milley's actions could be seen as overstepping his authority, yet it is emphasized that building military-to-military communication channels is standard practice for national security. Ultimately, Milley's intent was to ensure that foreign leaders understood U.S. intentions, which aligns with best practices in crisis management.
Civil-Military Relations and Chain of Command
The podcast delves into the complexities of civil-military relations and the appropriate boundaries of military leadership in response to civilian commands. It underscores that while Milley is part of the communication chain, he is not in the direct command chain, which complicates his response to orders during a crisis. The discussion examines Milley's reminder to senior military officials to adhere to proper protocols when responding to presidential orders, especially given the chaotic political climate of the Trump administration. This insistence on following processes amidst erratic orders underscores the necessity of protecting national security interests while maintaining civilian oversight.
Evaluation of Milley's Decision-Making
Milley's decision-making process is scrutinized against the backdrop of the unprecedented political and social turmoil occurring towards the end of Trump's term. His actions are characterized as an attempt to act as a 'guardrail' against potentially reckless decisions from the executive branch, raising questions about the appropriateness of such a position for a chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Participants share differing views on whether Milley’s choices further blurred the lines of civil-military relations or reflected necessary caution in the face of an unstable political environment. The conversation showcases the critical balance military leaders must maintain between providing counsel to civilian leaders and adhering to their constitutional roles.
The Role of the Chairman in Crisis Situations
The podcast highlights the historical implications of Milley's leadership during one of the most tumultuous periods in recent history, particularly in how he navigated multiple crises simultaneously. Discussions revolve around his responsibility to manage internal and external perceptions of U.S. military stability and governance, particularly in interactions with intelligence agencies like the CIA and NSA. Given the high stakes, Milley's proactive outreach to colleagues was interpreted as a necessary step to ensure the military was prepared for any unusual developments during a politically sensitive time. However, this also raised concerns regarding whether his actions could be perceived as politicizing the military or undermining civilian control.
Lessons for Future Military Leadership
The episode concludes with an exploration of the lessons future military leaders can learn from Milley's tenure and the surrounding controversies. Experts stress the importance of discretion and adherence to established protocols, highlighting the need to maintain a clear distinction between military operations and political influences. They argue that undermining civilian leadership through political maneuvering can have long-lasting negative impacts on civil-military relations, advocating for increased transparency and communication. Ultimately, they suggest that the military's role should be to provide unwavering support for democratically elected officials while safeguarding the principles of national security.
From September 21, 2021: A new book by Bob Woodward and Robert Costa contains reporting about several controversial actions by Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Mark Milley in late 2000 and early 2021, regarding conversations with his Chinese counterparts, his discussion with senior military officers about following standard nuclear procedures (if need be), and reaching out to others like the CIA and NSA directors to remind them to watch everything closely. Were each of these reported actions proper for a Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and why? And what about all of this coming out in books?
To talk through it all, David Priess sat down with an A-team on civil-military relations. Peter Feaver is a civil-military relations expert at Duke University and director of the Triangle Institute for Security Studies. He served in National Security Council staff positions in both the Bill Clinton and the George W. Bush administrations. Kori Schake is the director of foreign and defense policy at the American Enterprise Institute who has worked in the Joint Staff J5, in the Office of the Secretary of Defense and in the National Security Council’s staff, as well as the State Department's policy planning staff during Bush 43’s administration. She has also researched and written extensively on civil-military relations. And Alex Vindman is Lawfare’s Pritzker Military Fellow and a visiting fellow at Perry World House. His government experience includes multiple U.S. Army assignments, time inside the office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and in the National Security Council staff.