Professor Bent Flyvbjerg on How Big Things Get Done
Aug 25, 2023
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Bent Flyvbjerg, Danish economic geographer, discusses the pivotal role of human risk in mega-projects, cognitive and power biases, simplicity in project governance, data collection, storytelling and availability bias, challenges of conducting research in China, reference star forecasting, Warren Buffett's views on compound interest, 'fat tails' and risk management in mega-projects.
Human error is the main risk factor in mega projects, and proper planning and learning from past failures are crucial to prevent issues.
Recognizing and addressing the mismatch between human cognitive biases and the complexities of large projects is essential for improving project outcomes.
Considering lessons and experiences from similar projects is crucial for project success, and disregarding the uniqueness bias can lead to poor performance and increased risks.
Deep dives
The Risk of Mega Projects Overruns
Mega projects, such as airport terminal construction or company mergers, often face cost and timing overruns. Examples like Berlin's BER airport demonstrate how delays and budget discrepancies can occur. Professor Ben Flubia, an expert in mega projects, explains that the main risk factor for projects is human error. Proper planning and learning from past project failures are crucial to prevent these issues. This principle applies not only to mega projects but also to personal undertakings, such as building a house extension or organizing a wedding. Understanding the human element is key to managing these risks effectively.
The General Trend of Mega Projects
Professor Ben Flubia became interested in mega projects due to their growing prevalence. He noticed that more and more large-scale projects were being undertaken and wanted to understand the underlying reasons. His research revealed that this is a general trend happening globally. However, Flubia highlights that even though the size of projects is increasing, the challenges and biases faced by project planners and managers remain the same. The ambition to pursue big projects is hardwired into human nature, but our cognitive biases and linear thinking don't align well with the complexities and non-linearity of large projects. It's essential to recognize and address this mismatch to improve project outcomes.
The Importance of Learning from Other Projects
One of the key insights discussed in the podcast is the importance of learning from past projects and avoiding the uniqueness bias. Many project teams believe their projects are unique, disregarding the vast knowledge and experience accumulated from similar projects. Professor Flubia emphasizes that considering other projects' lessons and experiences is crucial for project success. The tendency to think one's project is unique often leads to poor performance and increased risks. By acknowledging and leveraging the wealth of information from other projects, project teams can make more informed decisions, improve planning, and mitigate potential issues more effectively.
Using Legos as a Metaphor for Efficiency and Standardization
The podcast episode discusses the use of Legos as a metaphor for improving efficiency and standardization in projects. The speaker highlights the concept of assembling Legos on site, rather than constructing them from scratch, to illustrate the idea of bringing pre-built components to a project for faster and more efficient implementation. The speaker also mentions the application of this concept in other areas, such as Barack Obama's clothing choices and the simplicity of writing paragraphs using the Lego approach.
Reference Stars Forecasting and the Importance of Simplifying Complex Projects
The episode introduces the concept of reference stars forecasting and its significance in managing complex projects. The method involves gathering data from similar projects and using the average time or outcomes as a reference for forecasting. The speaker emphasizes the importance of keeping project management simple, as attempting to model all the complexities often leads to inefficiencies and inaccurate risk assessment. The episode also highlights the prevalence of fat-tailed risks in big projects and the need to consider black swan events. Overall, the episode emphasizes the need to address human biases and adopt a more comprehensive and realistic approach to project management.
Why are major projects so often delayed and over budget? On this episode, I'm speaking to Bent Flyvbjerg, the author of 'How Big Things Get Done'.
Bent s a Danish economic geographer. He was the First BT Professor and Inaugural Chair of Major Programme Management at Oxford University's Saïd Business School and is the Villum Kann Rasmussen Professor and Chair of Major Program Management at the IT University of Copenhagen
On the show, we discuss:
The pivotal role of human risk in the execution of mega-projects, ranging from small tasks like kitchen remodelling to monumental endeavours like bridge construction.
The significant influence of cognitive and power biases on the success or failure of these large-scale undertakings;
The importance of simplicity in project governance for smooth execution;
The role of data collection and storytelling in the success of mega-projects and how availability bias can shape perceptions;
The unique challenges of conducting research in China, particularly in terms of data collection;
The concept of human risk as a consistent thread in mega-project management;
The strategy of reference star forecasting for making more accurate predictions by collecting data from similar projects;
Warren Buffett's views on compound interest and how initial delays in a project can compound over time, leading to further delays;
The concept of 'fat tails' and its impact on risk management in mega-projects;
The importance of recognizing intelligent infrastructure principles when allocating infrastructure spending.