Episode 135: Louis Markos: What is Classical Christian Education and Why Does it Matter Today?

St. Augustine's "On Christian Doctrine" is a seminal work on biblical hermeneutics, offering guidance on interpreting Scripture. Augustine emphasizes the importance of understanding the different senses of Scripture—literal, allegorical, moral, and anagogical—to grasp its full meaning. He stresses the need for a proper understanding of God's word to lead a virtuous life. The book provides a framework for interpreting Scripture in a way that leads to spiritual growth and a deeper understanding of God's plan for humanity. Augustine's insights continue to influence biblical interpretation and theological reflection today. His emphasis on the relationship between faith and reason remains a significant contribution to Christian thought.

Dorothy Sayers' "Lost Tools of Learning" explores the historical development of education and proposes a model based on the classical trivium. Sayers argues for a more holistic approach to learning, emphasizing the importance of grammar, logic, and rhetoric. The book advocates for a method that cultivates critical thinking and effective communication. It challenges modern educational practices and suggests a return to traditional methods. Sayers' work has significantly influenced the classical education movement.

'The Screwtape Letters' by C.S. Lewis is a satirical epistolary novel presenting a series of letters from a senior demon, Screwtape, to his nephew Wormwood, a junior tempter. Screwtape advises Wormwood on methods to undermine a human's faith and lead him astray from God. Through clever manipulation and subtle tactics, the demons exploit human weaknesses and distractions to promote sin and worldly desires. The book offers a unique perspective on temptation, morality, and the spiritual battle for the human soul. Lewis employs wit and irony to expose the insidious nature of evil and the importance of vigilance in resisting its influence.

In 'The Abolition of Man', C.S. Lewis delivers a defense of objective value and natural law, originating from his Riddell Memorial Lectures at the University of Durham in 1943. Lewis argues that education should be conducted within the context of moral law and objective values, which he terms the 'Tao'. He criticizes modern attempts to debunk these values, warning that such actions could lead to a dehumanization of society, resulting in what he calls 'Men without Chests' – individuals whose emotions have not been trained to conform to reason. The book emphasizes the universal nature of traditional moralities across different cultures and warns against the dangers of moral relativism and the reduction of human beings to mere objects of scientific analysis.

From Plato to Christ: How Platonic Thought Shaped the Christian Faith. In this lively discussion, the two look at Plato’s best-known texts and talk about how it affected figures like Augustine, Dante, and C. S. Lewis.

Plato's Republic is one of his most famous works, a philosophical dialogue exploring justice, ideal societies, and the nature of reality. It features the allegory of the cave, a powerful metaphor for the limitations of human perception and the pursuit of knowledge. The dialogue delves into various forms of government, analyzing their strengths and weaknesses, ultimately advocating for a philosopher-king to rule the ideal state. The Republic also examines the tripartite soul, proposing that reason, spirit, and appetite must be harmonized for individual and societal well-being. Its enduring influence on political philosophy and ethics makes it a cornerstone of Western thought.

Inferno is the first part of Dante Alighieri's epic poem, The Divine Comedy. It describes Dante's journey through the nine concentric circles of Hell, each representing a different level of sin and punishment. Guided by Virgil, Dante encounters various historical and mythological figures, witnessing their punishments which are symbolic of their sins. The poem is an allegory of the soul's journey towards God, with Inferno representing the recognition and rejection of sin. Dante's journey through Hell is also a personal and spiritual exploration, reflecting his own struggles and the political and social issues of his time.

Written in 1729, 'A Modest Proposal' is a Juvenalian satirical essay that critiques the harsh treatment of the Irish by the English and the social and economic conditions of Ireland. Swift suggests, in a hyperbolic and ironic manner, that poor Irish families could sell their children as food to wealthy English landowners. The essay is a scathing critique of the heartless attitudes towards the poor, British policy towards Ireland, and the incompetence of Irish politicians. It uses sustained irony and rhetorical devices to expose the absurdity of quick-fix solutions to social problems and to highlight the dire state of Ireland under British rule.

In this book, Neil Postman argues that the contemporary world is more akin to Aldous Huxley's 'Brave New World' than George Orwell's '1984'. Postman contends that television's emphasis on entertainment has led to a decline in rational discourse and the trivialization of politics, education, and religion. He contrasts the print-based culture of the 19th century with the televisual culture of the 20th century, highlighting how the medium of television inherently promotes incoherence and triviality, turning serious information into a form of entertainment.

Why Christians Should Read the Pagan Classics. the book focused on the Iliad, the Odyssey, the Aeneid, and the Greek tragedies.

In 'The End of Education', Neil Postman critiques the current state of American education, arguing that schools have lost their purpose and are overly focused on economic utility and consumerism. He proposes alternative narratives, such as 'Spaceship Earth' and 'The American Experiment', to inspire and unify students. Postman emphasizes the importance of shared narratives in creating a cohesive public through education.

"The Figure of Beatrice" by Charles Williams explores the concept of romantic love as a path to divine knowledge, using Dante Alighieri's "Divine Comedy" as its primary source. Williams examines the character of Beatrice, Dante's muse, as a symbol of divine grace and a guide to spiritual awakening. He posits that the experience of romantic love, when rightly understood, can lead to a deeper understanding of God's love. The book delves into the theological and philosophical implications of Dante's work, offering a unique perspective on the relationship between human and divine love. Williams combines literary analysis with theological reflection, presenting a compelling vision of love as a transformative force.