Hiroshi Motomura, "Borders and Belonging: Toward a Fair, Realistic, and Sustainable Immigration Policy" (Oxford UP, 2024)
Feb 8, 2025
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Hiroshi Motomura, a seasoned Professor of immigration law at UCLA, dives deep into the intricate layers of immigration in his new book. He discusses the ethical implications of national borders and the nuanced balance needed between fairness and realistic policy. Motomura draws from his personal experiences, explores historical influences, and emphasizes the racial dynamics within immigration law. He challenges conventional narratives by framing immigrants as economic contributors while advocating for humane strategies addressing root causes of migration.
The podcast discusses the need to redefine national borders to foster community and positive cultural outcomes rather than questioning their necessity.
It highlights the inadequacies of the current refugee protection framework and advocates for a comprehensive approach that reflects modern migration complexities.
The conversation emphasizes the importance of understanding historical racial discrimination in U.S. immigration laws to inform a more equitable policy reform.
Deep dives
Understanding National Borders
The necessity of national borders is examined within the context of existing nation-states, challenging the conventional notion of their absolute necessity. While it may be argued that a world without borders could promote equality and freedom, the reality is that national borders are deeply entrenched in our societies. Instead of questioning their existence, it's more pertinent to ask how national borders can be redefined to promote positive cultural and community outcomes. The potential of borders to foster community and identity is juxtaposed with the risks of exclusion and oppression, emphasizing the need for a nuanced dialogue on national boundaries.
The Refugee Protection Framework
The discussion on refugees highlights the inadequacies of the current protection framework established by the Geneva Convention in 1951, designed in the aftermath of World War II. It scrutinizes how the criteria for refugee status reinforce a binary view that categorizes individuals as either refugees or migrants, failing to accommodate the complex realities of modern migration. With changing global circumstances, including civil crises and climate change, there is a pressing need to rethink the notion of refugee protection beyond conventional legal definitions. This requires acknowledging the interconnectedness of migration trends and advocates for a more comprehensive approach to addressing the realities faced by forced migrants.
The Racialized History of Immigration
The dialogue on immigration acknowledges the historical context of racial discrimination embedded within U.S. immigration laws, which have often privileged certain demographics while marginalizing others. The origins of U.S. immigration policy, rooted in explicitly racist laws, continue to influence contemporary perceptions and regulations surrounding immigration and citizenship. Even as laws evolved to promote racial equity, the lingering effects of historical policies often perpetuate systemic inequalities. Consequently, understanding this racialized history is critical to addressing and reformulating current immigration practices and policies.
Addressing Immigration Anxieties
Exploration of immigration-related anxieties underscores the necessity to validate the concerns of skeptics while addressing the economic and cultural implications of immigration. The tendency to dismiss these concerns as merely racist overlooks the genuine fears related to economic displacement and community identity. Effective immigration policy should incorporate strategies that acknowledge and mitigate these anxieties, fostering inclusive discourse. Recognizing the complexities behind immigration fears can provide a foundation for more equitable and just policies that balance diverse interests within communities.
Envisioning Just Immigration Enforcement
The conversation on immigration enforcement calls for a paradigm shift towards a regulatory approach that prioritizes fairness and humane treatment. Existing enforcement practices, often characterized by punitive measures such as family separations and detention, are scrutinized as unjust reactions to a flawed immigration framework. Proposals advocate for immigration laws that align with the needs of the labor market, reducing the reliance on harsh enforcement tactics. Ultimately, the aim is to create an immigration system that is just, where enforcement mechanisms do not inflict harm but rather uphold the dignity and rights of individuals.
Immigration is now a polarizing issue across most advanced democracies. But too much that is written about immigration fails to appreciate the complex responses to the phenomenon. Too many observers assume imaginary consensus, avoid basic questions, or disregard the larger context for human migration.
In Borders and Belonging: Toward a Fair Immigration Policy (Oxford University Press, 2025), Hiroshi Motomura offers a complex and fair-minded account of immigration, its root causes, and the varying responses to it. Taking stock of the issue's complexity, while giving credence to the opinions of immigration critics, he tackles a series of important questions that, when answered, will move us closer to a more realistic and sustainable immigration policy. Motomura begins by affirming a basic concept—national borders—and asks when they might be ethical borders, fostering fairness but also responding realistically to migration patterns and to the political forces that migration generates. In a nation with ethical borders, who should be let in or kept out? How should people forced to migrate be treated? Should newcomers be admitted temporarily or permanently? How should those with lawful immigration status be treated? What is the best role for enforcement in immigration policy? To what extent does the arrival of newcomers hurt long-time residents? What are the "root causes" of immigration and how can we address them?
Realistic about the desire of most citizens for national borders, this book is an indispensable guide for moving toward ethical borders and better immigration policy.
This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose new book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars.