Top 10 Findings: Alcohol, ADHD, and Antipsychotics
Oct 28, 2024
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Discover innovative strategies for treating alcohol use disorder with a new drug combination that shows promise for those with co-occurring PTSD. Delve into the complexities of stimulant dosing in ADHD, balancing efficacy and side effects. Learn about a study unveiling that high-dose amphetamines may not help with ADHD symptoms in patients with cannabis use disorder. Plus, examine the surprising results of reducing antipsychotic doses in schizophrenia patients, raising questions about optimal treatment approaches. It's a blend of research and real-world application!
Recent studies suggest that reducing antipsychotic dosages in schizophrenia may lead to increased hospitalizations, highlighting risks versus potential benefits.
A new combination therapy using prazosin and cyproheptadine shows promise in treating alcohol use disorder, offering a potentially effective alternative to traditional methods.
Deep dives
Dose Reduction in Antipsychotics and Its Risks
Reducing the dosage of antipsychotics in schizophrenia has been a contentious issue, as recent studies show no significant improvement in social functioning from such reductions. A comprehensive two-year study involving 19 centers in England indicated that while initial hopes rested on finding benefits from tapering medications, the results demonstrated a marked increase in hospitalizations for those with reduced dosages. With rates rising to 39% compared to 16% for stable doses, it became evident that the risks outweighed any potential benefits. The need for longer studies that extend beyond two years was highlighted, as previous research with longer follow-ups suggested the possibility of functional improvements over time.
Guidelines on Stimulant Dosing for ADHD
Research on stimulant dosing for ADHD has established clear upper limits for effective treatment while simultaneously addressing the risks of increased side effects. A systematic review revealed that for methylphenidate, beyond 60 mg per day, the benefits plateau and side effects double, while amphetamines like Adderall show a similar pattern, with optimal dosing at 30-35 mg per day. Such findings emphasize the importance of careful monitoring and adjustment based on individual patient needs, especially as comorbidities arise that may complicate ADHD diagnoses. Ultimately, these insights underline that higher doses are often unnecessary and may lead to problematic outcomes, necessitating thoughtful consideration by practitioners.
New Medication Options for Alcohol Use Disorder
Innovative approaches in treating alcohol use disorder are explored through a new combination therapy using the long-standing medications prazosin and cyproheptadine. This dual approach aims to address the neurotransmitter imbalances involved in addiction, showing promising results in reducing alcohol consumption among patients who took the medication combination in a recent study. Notably, both low and high doses were effective compared to the placebo, indicating a robust efficacy that offers an alternative to traditional treatments. As the study progresses towards potential FDA approval, the combination presents a hopeful advancement in addressing alcohol use disorder, particularly in patients with concurrent PTSD.
Chris Aiken and Kellie Newsome, PMHNP have disclosed no relevant financial or other interests in any commercial companies pertaining to this educational activity.
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