#520: How Exercise Impacts Appetite, Food Intake and Adiposity – James Dorling, PhD
Apr 30, 2024
auto_awesome
Dr. James Dorling, PhD, discusses how exercise impacts appetite, food intake, and body fat. The podcast explores the variability in individual responses to exercise interventions, factors influencing weight loss, compensatory changes in food intake post-exercise, and the influence of exercise on appetite and adiposity.
Aerobic exercise can acutely suppress appetite by affecting hormones like ghrelin, PYY, and GLP1, but long-term effects on food intake vary.
Individual responses to exercise interventions for weight loss differ due to factors like compensatory changes in food intake and baseline physical activity levels.
Deep dives
Exercise's Impact on Appetite
Exercise, particularly aerobic exercise, has been found to acutely suppress appetite by influencing hormones like ghrelin, PYY, and GLP1. While this suppression is transient, exercise interventions show variability in long-term effects on appetite and food intake. Studies indicate that prolonged aerobic exercise may lead to compensatory changes in food intake, especially in individuals not responding well to exercise, potentially hampering weight loss efforts.
Factors Influencing Weight Loss Response to Exercise
Individuals exhibit a wide range of responses to exercise interventions concerning weight loss and body composition. Factors contributing to poor weight loss outcomes include compensatory changes in food intake, increased levels of energy intake, and potential reductions in non-exercise physical activity. Identifying these factors, including baseline physical activity levels, may help predict successful weight loss results.
Biological and Behavioral Factors in Weight Loss Response
Research points to the complexity of factors influencing weight loss response to exercise, such as age, race, sex, and baseline fitness levels. Studies suggest that individuals with higher habitual physical activity levels may achieve better weight loss outcomes, leading to hypotheses about the role of rewards for exercise. Understanding mediating mechanisms and biological factors like VO2 max could shed light on compensatory changes in energy intake.
Challenges in Studying Energy Intake and Expenditure
Methodological challenges exist in accurately measuring energy intake and expenditure outside of controlled settings. Traditional methods like food diaries and questionnaires often underestimate actual consumption. Utilizing advanced tools like double-labeled water for energy intake estimates and considering habitual physical activity levels can provide insights into individual responses to exercise interventions. Overcoming these challenges can offer a deeper understanding of energy balance modulation during weight loss interventions.
Have you ever wondered how exercise affects our appetite and energy intake? While we know that single bouts of exercise can create a short-term energy deficit, do they also influence our hunger levels? And what about long-term exercise training? Could it modify our appetite in ways that help us better control our weight?
Recent research suggests that exercise may indeed play a role in appetite regulation. Could exercise modify the subjective and homeostatic mediators of appetite in ways that enhance our feelings of fullness after a meal?
One of the most fascinating aspects of this research is the variability in responses between individuals. Why do some people experience changes in appetite and energy intake after exercise, while others don’t? Could factors like adiposity, sex, or habitual physical activity levels play a role?
In this episode, Dr. James Dorling of the University of Glasgow helps us delve into the evidence surrounding how factors like adiposity, sex, and habitual physical activity modulate our responses to exercise in terms of appetite, energy intake, and appetite-related hormone responses.
About The Guest:
Dr. James Dorling is a lecturer in Human Nutrition at the University of Glasgow. Dr. Dorling’s research is broadly focused on three areas: (1) the impact of nutrition and physical activity interventions on obesity-related endpoints and biomarkers of aging; (2) the regulators of appetite and eating behaviours; and (3) the changes in appetite and eating behaviours in response to health interventions.
During his PhD, he studied the effects of acute exercise and obesity-related single nucleotide polymorphisms on appetite and appetite-related hormones. Following this, Dr. Dorling joined Pennington Biomedical Research Center where he worked as a postdoctoral researcher. His postdoctoral research principally focussed on the influence of calorie restriction and physical activity on weight, markers of aging, and eating behaviours.
Get the Snipd podcast app
Unlock the knowledge in podcasts with the podcast player of the future.
AI-powered podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Discover highlights
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode
Save any moment
Hear something you like? Tap your headphones to save it with AI-generated key takeaways
Share & Export
Send highlights to Twitter, WhatsApp or export them to Notion, Readwise & more
AI-powered podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Discover highlights
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode