The nature of nurture

Sep 5, 2024

In this engaging discussion, Dr. Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, a distinguished Professor Emerita of Anthropology, delves into the complexities of paternal care. She debunks the myth of 'maternal instinct' by exploring surprising instances of male caregiving in various species. The conversation touches on Darwin's observations of caretaking plasticity, the impact of intimate time on nurturing abilities, and the societal shifts reshaping fatherhood today. Hrdy also examines the cultural constructs of patriarchy and their implications for caregiving roles in humans.

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Intro

00:00 • 2min

Evolving Parental Roles in Evolution

02:21 • 21min

Evolving Roles in Parental Care

23:43 • 11min

Nurturing Evolution: From Fish to Humans

34:50 • 20min

Understanding Postpartum Challenges

54:26 • 10min

Unpacking Patriarchy: Roles and Consequences

01:04:26 • 8min

Exploring Parental Influence Through Literature and Science

01:12:18 • 4min

Silas Marner

The Weaver of Raveloe

George Eliot

Published in 1861, 'Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe' by George Eliot is a novel that explores themes of betrayal, community, and redemption. The story follows Silas Marner, a linen weaver who is falsely accused of theft by his friend William Dane in the Puritan community of Lantern Yard. After being exiled, Marner settles in the rural village of Raveloe, where he lives a life of isolation, hoarding gold as his only comfort. However, his life changes dramatically when his gold is stolen and he adopts a young girl named Eppie, who brings him back into the community and restores his faith in humanity. The novel delves into complex issues of faith, isolation, and the essential need for human connection, leaving lasting messages about love and forgiveness[3][4][5].

The Woman That Never Evolved

Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

In 'The Woman That Never Evolved,' Sarah Blaffer Hrdy examines the behavior of female primates, revealing them to be competitive, independent, and sexually assertive. The book argues that these traits are evolutionary adaptations that have significant implications for understanding human female behavior and sexual inequality. Hrdy debunks myths about female primates being passive and noncompetitive, instead showing that they engage in complex social strategies, including competing for rank and resources, forming alliances for mutual defense, and exhibiting a range of sexual behaviors. The book emphasizes the importance of understanding the evolutionary origins of human behavior to address issues of sexual inequality in human societies.

The Parental Brain

Mechanisms, Development, and Evolution

Michael Numan

Brave Genius

a scientist, a philosopher, and their daring adventures from the French resistance to the Nobel Prize

Sean B. Carroll

Father Time

A Natural History of Men and Babies

Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

Mothers and Others, the Origins of Mutual Understanding

None

Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

The Langurs of Abu, Female and Male Strategies of Reproduction

null

Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

The idea of a "maternal instinct"—the notion that mothers are wired for nurturing and care—is a familiar one in our culture. And it has a flipside, a corollary—what you might call “paternal aloofness.” It's the idea that men just aren't meant to care for babies, that we have more, you know, manly things to do. But when you actually look at the biology of caretaking, the truth is more complicated and much more interesting.

My guest today is Dr. Sarah Blaffer Hrdy. She is Professor Emerita of Anthropology at the University of California, Davis and the author of the new book, Father Time: A Natural History of Men and Babies. In it, she examines paternal care, the biology that supports it, and the norms and practices that sometimes suppress it.

In this conversation, Sarah and I set her new book, Father Time, in the context of her four previous books. We discuss the surprising prevalence of male care in fish and amphibians. We talk about how Charles Darwin noted the plasticity of caretaking in animals, only to ignore that plasticity when talking about humans. We consider how time in intimate proximity with babies activates capacities for nurturing—not just in fathers, but in caretakers of all kinds. Along the way, we touch on langurs and owl monkeys; emus and cassowaries; cichlid fish and fairy shrimp; prolactin and oxytocin; patriarchy and patriarchal notions. We talk about what seems to be distinctive about the human capacity for care; and about what happens when males spend too much time competing for status, and not enough time snuggling babies.

You'll probably get a sense for this from our conversation, but there are very few researchers who take both biology and culture as seriously as Sarah Blaffer Hrdy does. She does not shy away from digging deep into either domain. And she does not shy away from trying to trace the tangled links between the two.

Alright friends, I hope you enjoy this one. On to my conversation with Dr. Sarah Blaffer Hrdy.

A transcript of this episode is available here.

Notes and links

3:00 – A classic paper on male parental care in fishes.

7:00 – Dr. Hrdy’s previous books include The Langurs of Abu, The Woman that Never Evolved, Mother Nature, and Mothers and Others.

13:00 – A academic article on “cooperative breeding” in birds.

16:30 – The full text of Charles Darwin’s book, The Descent of Man.

21:00 – Read about Caroline Kennard and her correspondence with Darwin here.

23:30 – A review of a recent book on Nancy Hopkins and her (quantitative) efforts to expose sexism at MIT.

26:00 – The 2014 paper on the brains of fathers in different caretaking roles.

37:00 – A paper by Larry Young and a colleague on the role of ancient peptides (like oxytocin) in sociality.

40:00 – The lab of Dr. Lauren O’Connell, who studies physiology and social behavior in poison dart frogs.

42:00 – A review of paternal care in primates.

47:00 – For more on Michael Tomasello’s “mutualism hypothesis”—and a lot else—see our earlier episode with Dr. Tomasello.

49:00 – For more on the costliness of the human brain, see our earlier episodes here and here.

58:00 – The 2007 study by Esther Herrmann, Michael Tomasello, and colleagues on the human specialization for social cognition.

59:00 – A study of children’s early “ostensive gestures” of showing and offering.

1:02:00 – An obituary for the ethnographer Lorna Marshall.

1:09:00 – An overview of ostracods and the traces they leave in the fossil record.

Recommendations

The Parental Brain, Michael Numan

Silas Marner, George Eliot

Endless Forms Most Beautiful, Sean Carroll

Your Inner Fish, Neil Shubin

Brave Genius, Sean Carroll

Many Minds is a project of the Diverse Intelligences Summer Institute, which is made possible by a generous grant from the John Templeton Foundation to Indiana University. The show is hosted and produced by Kensy Cooperrider, with help from Assistant Producer Urte Laukaityte and with creative support from DISI Directors Erica Cartmill and Jacob Foster. Our artwork is by Ben Oldroyd. Our transcripts are created by Sarah Dopierala.

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