Hank Cardello, a portion size expert and executive director at Georgetown University, joins the conversation about our evolving relationship with food portions. He reveals how restaurant meals have doubled since the 1970s and the negative impact on obesity and the planet. The discussion covers the psychological factors behind our consumption habits and examines the effectiveness of food labels. Cardello also emphasizes the need for smaller, healthier portions in response to consumer trends, especially in the wake of rising weight-loss medication use.
Increasing portion sizes since the 1970s have significantly contributed to rising obesity rates and public health concerns in the U.S.
Efforts to promote smaller serving sizes can help reshape eating habits and reduce food waste while benefiting both health and the environment.
Deep dives
Rising Obesity and Expanded Portion Sizes
Obesity rates in the United States have significantly increased over the decades, closely linked to the expansion of portion sizes in food items. Since the 1970s, many commercially sold food products have increased in size, with examples like bagels growing from around two ounces to a quarter of a pound, and restaurant servings of spaghetti and meatballs doubling in size. This trend can be attributed to consumer demand for perceived value, where larger portions are often equated with more satisfaction for the money spent. Consequently, along with the rising calorie intake—reported to be an additional four to five hundred calories a day—the growing serving sizes have contributed to a public health crisis, underscoring the need to address portion control in combating obesity.
Behavioral Influences on Eating Habits
Behavioral science indicates that portion sizes significantly shape eating habits, leading consumers to eat more when served larger quantities. For instance, people tend to consume more food when it is presented on larger plates, skewing their perception of adequate portion sizes. Additionally, societal norms about finishing food—rooted in childhood lessons to 'clean your plate'—contribute to overeating, as individuals feel compelled to finish even large servings. The rise of easily accessible snacks and sugars in modern diets has further exacerbated this issue, making it challenging for individuals to regulate their food intake effectively.
Economic and Health Consequences of Portion Sizes
The correlation between rising portion sizes and increased health care costs has sparked concerns among public health officials. Research identifies portion sizes as a key solution to the obesity crisis, highlighting their influence over dietary choices and caloric intake more than educational measures or warnings on food packaging. A study by McKinsey Global revealed that modifying portion sizes topped the list of effective solutions for addressing obesity over other approaches like taxing sugary foods. Moreover, individuals with obesity face significantly higher health care costs, emphasizing the financial burden of this public health issue.
Strategies for Reducing Portion Sizes
Efforts to rectify the issue of oversized portions have gained traction, focusing on consumer acceptance and promoting smaller serving sizes. The food industry responds to consumer demand for variety by introducing options for smaller portions, leveraging behavioral insights to encourage healthier eating habits without compromising on taste. Initiatives like Taco Bell's reduction of extra-large beverage cups demonstrate practical application of these strategies, yielding positive feedback from consumers who tend to prefer convenience. Implementing standardized portion sizes in restaurants can guide consumers towards healthier choices while addressing the concerning link between portion sizes and dietary habits.
As Thanksgiving’s heaping helpings loom, it might be good to remember both obesity and food waste are linked to your plate’s portions. Hank Cardello is Chair of the Portion Balance Coalition and executive director of the Leadership Solutions for Health + Prosperity program at Georgetown University’s Business for Impact. He joins host Krys Boyd to discuss how restaurant meals and prepared foods have doubled in size since the 1970s – and why cutting them back down would be good for the planet and people. His research paper on the topic is called “The Power of Portions.”
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