Kim Ghattas, a journalist and author on Middle Eastern dynamics, teams up with Salman Rushdie, a controversial author known for his fight against censorship. They dive into the historical animosity between Sunni Saudi Arabia and Shia Iran, sparked by the 1979 revolution. The discussion highlights how religious distortion fuels sectarian violence and cultural suppression. Rushdie’s experience with Iran's fatwa is linked to the rise of groups like Hezbollah and ISIS, illustrating the lasting impact of these geopolitical struggles.
The 1979 Iranian Revolution drastically altered the geopolitical landscape, transforming Iran and Saudi Arabia from allies to fierce sectarian rivals.
Religious identity has been weaponized by both nations to assert influence and rally support, significantly escalating regional tensions and conflicts.
Deep dives
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Iran-Saudi Arabia Rivalry: A Historical Overview
The geopolitical relationship between Iran and Saudi Arabia underwent a significant transformation post-1979, shifting from friendly competitors to fierce rivals. Prior to the Iranian Revolution, both nations served as key partners in American policy aimed at countering communism in the region. However, the revolution ignited intense sectarian divisions as Iran, adopting a Shia Islamic identity under Khomeini, began to challenge Saudi Arabia's Sunni authority. This transformation was marked by increased hostility and competition, each nation utilizing religion to rally support and assert their influence across the Muslim world.
The Role of Imperial Interests in Regional Conflicts
The history of foreign intervention, particularly by the British and French, has significantly influenced contemporary conflicts in the Middle East. The division of territories post-Ottoman Empire established political conditions that still affect national identities today, with citizens in countries like Lebanon and Iraq clinging to their current borders despite colonial legacy. Iranian territorial ambitions, particularly in southern Iraq, strain relationships further as competing interests manifest in conflicts over influence and resources. The pursuit of power by both Iranian and Saudi leaderships continues to escalate tensions, complicating the potential for regional stability and cooperation.
Kim Ghattas joined me on the podcast to explore how Sunni Saudi Arabia and Shia Iran - who were once allies and the twin pillars of US strategy in the area - became mortal enemies after the revolution of 1979. In a war of cultural supremacy, we discussed the nature of various groups using and distorting religion, suppressing cultural expression and encouragning sectarian violence. And how did events like Iran’s fatwa against author Salman Rushdie lay the groundwork for more recent troubles, including the birth of groups like Hezbollah in Lebanon, and the rise of ISIS?
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