In this discussion, Marc Dunkelman, a Fellow at the Watson Institute and author of *Why Nothing Works*, dives into the intricate dance of power in American progressivism. He explores how the push-and-pull between centralization and decentralization has derailed effective governance. Dunkelman also critiques environmental policy, arguing for a dual approach to tackle today's challenges. With insights on past failures and the need for accountability, he stresses that understanding these dynamics is key to revitalizing our systems.
The podcast explores how the historical tension between the centralization and decentralization of power has undermined effective governance and policy-making in the progressive movement.
It emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that integrates both Hamiltonian efficiency and Jeffersonian accountability to address contemporary challenges in infrastructure and environmental policy.
Deep dives
The Centralization vs. Decentralization Debate
The podcast discusses the ongoing tension between centralizing and decentralizing power within the progressive movement. This tension reflects two distinct impulses; the Hamiltonian approach advocates for establishing centralized authority to address collective problems, such as infrastructure and sanitation, while the Jeffersonian approach emphasizes distributing power to ordinary individuals to prevent abuses from concentrated authority. The conflict has caused inconsistency in progressive policy-making and governance, with each approach holding significance at different moments in history. Consequently, the failure to balance these impulses has hindered effective government action in numerous sectors today.
Impact of Historical Context on Governance
The historical context of the early 20th century illustrates how Hamiltonianism initially thrived in addressing societal issues, as seen with the successes of the Tennessee Valley Authority under Franklin Roosevelt. This approach enabled rapid action to provide essential services and develop infrastructure, showcasing the effectiveness of centralized decision-making at that time. However, as skepticism towards centralized authority grew in the late 20th century, and abuses of power became evident, a cultural shift led to an embrace of Jeffersonian ideals. This left governments paralyzed, resulting in an inability to tackle modern challenges effectively and prompting calls for a re-evaluation of governance structures.
Environmentalism's Shift in Focus
Environmental policy reflects the shift from a historically Hamiltonian approach, which aimed to regulate pollution through centralized bureaucracies, to a Jeffersonian approach that empowers citizens to litigate against polluters. Early environmentalism focused on stopping harmful practices through individual lawsuits, whereas modern challenges demand a more proactive and streamlined approach to environmental management. The discussion highlights that while the historical context legitimized risk-averse approaches, the current demands for clean energy and sustainability necessitate a shift towards effective project implementation. Building efficient infrastructure requires cooperation between expert-led bureaucracies and community engagement rather than litigation.
Lessons from Governance Failures
The podcast emphasizes the idea that the ineffectiveness of government today is a result of the progressive movement's historical choices and cultural shifts that prioritized checks on authority over competency. With the rise of populist efforts, exemplified by figures like Donald Trump, disillusionment with government capabilities has grown, leading voters to seek alternatives. The conversation highlights the need for progressives to find a balance, allowing government to work effectively while ensuring accountability and public input. By embracing a productive blend of both Hamiltonian and Jeffersonian principles, progressives can reclaim public trust and demonstrate the capacity for government to address pressing societal issues.
Why doesn't anything work? Why does it take so long to build housing, or green energy, or infrastructure? Why is the government so often inefficient and uncapable? Marc Dunkelman joins the podcast to discuss his new book Why Nothing Works. We talk about the history of the progressive movement and how two separate impulses - the centralization of power vs the decentralization of power - have caused progressive governance to run off the rails.