JAMA Clinical Reviews Type 2 Diabetes: Diagnosis and Current Guidelines for Treatment
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Jun 23, 2025 In this engaging discussion, Dr. Rita Kalyani, a Professor of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University and an expert on type 2 diabetes, dives into crucial topics around diagnosis and treatment. She explains essential tests like hemoglobin A1c and fasting plasma glucose, highlighting the challenges in distinguishing type 2 diabetes from other types. The conversation also covers managing diabetes through lifestyle changes and advancements in medications. Plus, the benefits of continuous glucose monitoring are discussed, showcasing its importance in effective diabetes management.
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Type 2 Diabetes Screening Advice
- Screen adults aged 35 and older for type 2 diabetes at least every three years.
- Screen earlier and more frequently if overweight, family history, or other risk factors exist.
Diabetes Diagnostic Criteria
- Diagnose type 2 diabetes using A1c ≥6.5%, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or 2-hour glucose ≥200 mg/dL.
- Confirm diagnosis with a second test or on a different day.
Differentiating Adult Type 1 Diabetes
- Consider type 1 diabetes in adults if onset is under 35, BMI under 25, or autoimmune history.
- Confirm with islet autoantibody testing like GAD and IA2 antibodies.