Philosophical Foundations in Ancient Civilizations

Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt are foundational to the development of writing and philosophy, influencing the thoughts of later civilizations, particularly the Greeks. Historians place the inception of writing at over 5,000 years ago in both cultures, with significant overlap in their literary outputs. While Mesopotamia is often credited with the invention of writing, there are arguments that Egypt's writing system may be equally ancient or even older. The interconnectedness of these cultures is evidenced by the presence of Egyptian scholars in Mesopotamian courts and shared themes in their texts.