Kate Lister, a sex historian and the host of the Betwixt the Sheets podcast, dives into the wild history of Soho, once a nexus of crime, sex work, and revolution. She reveals the dynamic nightlife of the 1920s, where speakeasies thrived and female gangs took charge of nightclubs. The conversation touches on Soho's crucial role in the rise of jazz and the evolving attitudes towards sexuality. Kate also explores the cultural shifts post-World War I and the neighborhood's transformation from a bohemian hub to its current gentrified state.
Soho transformed from an aristocratic area to a hub of nightlife, crime, and cultural revolution following World War I.
The concept of the 1920s as the first sexual revolution challenges previous assumptions about shifts in sexual attitudes and autonomy.
Deep dives
The Historical Transformation of Soho
Soho is characterized by its transformation from a posh, aristocratic area to a notorious center of nightlife, crime, and culture. Initially developed in the 18th century, it became a theatre district, attracting drinking dens and brothels, which contributed to its infamous reputation. Following World War I, the 1920s marked a significant shift as returning soldiers sought to escape their trauma through vibrant nightlife and a burgeoning party culture. This period laid the groundwork for Soho as a place of both indulgence and artistic expression, setting the stage for a lively yet tumultuous history.
The Cultural Impact of the First Sexual Revolution
The podcast explores the concept of the 1920s as the first sexual revolution, challenging the notion that the 1960s was the first significant shift in sexual attitudes. The war allowed women to enter the workforce in unprecedented numbers, which elevated their social and sexual autonomy. As societal norms around sexual morality shifted, the availability of reliable contraception further liberated personal choices. This newfound freedom, juxtaposed with the trauma of the war, fostered a party atmosphere that shaped the modern view of relationships and sexuality.
The Rise of Drug Culture in Soho
Drug use became more prevalent in Soho during the 1920s, as a new legal framework began to emerge around drug-related crimes. The government’s concern over soldiers abusing drugs highlighted the need for regulation, culminating in the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1920. This period saw an explosion of opium dens and drug-related incidents, creating a complex relationship between drugs and nightlife. However, the ongoing struggles of both the rich and poor to navigate these new laws contributed to the growing tension around drug use and its connection to Soho's nightlife.
The Legacy of the Dope Girls and Media Representation
The identity of the 'Dope Girls' encapsulates the cultural obsession with drug use among young women in the 1920s, and media portrayal amplified this narrative. Figures like Brenda Dean-Paul and Billie Carlton became synonymous with the drug culture, illustrating the scandal and drama of the period. The press sensationalized stories about these women, merging themes of addiction, celebrity, and moral panic that mirrored societal anxieties of the time. This fascination laid the groundwork for ongoing dialogues about addiction that continue to resonate in contemporary culture.
Soho was once a thriving melting pot of speakeasies, sex work and organised crime. From razor gangs of the 1920s to money laundering, the area has always been a hotbed for thieves, conmen, drug dealers, and shady goings-on… but it's also provided fertile ground for revolution, ground-breaking jazz, rock n roll and countercultural movements. Joining Dan to discuss the extraordinary history of London’s most notorious neighbourhood in the 1920s is sex historian and host of the Betwixt the Sheets podcast Dr Kate Lister.
Historic Soho has been brought to life in the new BBC show Dope Girls, which tells the story of Soho when female gangs ran the nightclubs after the First World War. You can watch it on BBC iPlayer now.