Benjamin C. Waterhouse on "One Day I'll Work for Myself: The Dream and Delusion That Conquered America"
Aug 12, 2024
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Benjamin Waterhouse, a full Professor of History at UNC Chapel Hill, delves into the rise of self-employment in America since the 1970s. He critiques the glorification of entrepreneurship, highlighting its often negative implications for those who pursue it out of necessity rather than opportunity. The conversation touches on the myths of small business success, the realities of job quality, and the seductive allure of individualism in a complex economic landscape. They also hint at an upcoming project exploring the cultural and political history of the 1990s.
The idealization of self-employment in America since the 1970s often masks deeper economic issues and systemic inequalities.
The narrative that small businesses create the majority of jobs oversimplifies their complex and often negative impact on employment rates.
The glorification of entrepreneurship distracts from the significant challenges and barriers faced by individuals in pursuit of self-employment.
Deep dives
The E&I Words: Understanding Entrepreneurship and Innovation
The terminology surrounding entrepreneurship and innovation has been heavily scrutinized for its lack of substantive meaning over time. The speaker's experiences in graduate school at Carnegie Mellon highlighted how these buzzwords flooded academic and popular discourse, often uncritically. This overuse led to a critical examination of their historical significance, especially considering how these terms have been exploited to promote ideologies that cater to powerful interests. The need for a comprehensive history of these concepts was deemed essential, as they often masked the complex realities faced by aspiring entrepreneurs.
Self-Employment's Cultural Ideal: A Critical Perspective
The idealization of self-employment in American culture became notably pronounced since the 1970s, representing a dream for many that obscures deeper economic issues. This discussion includes Benjamin Waterhouse’s book focusing on self-employment and its socio-historical context, emphasizing how it often reinforces existing socio-economic inequalities. While many view self-employment as an empowering choice, for many individuals, it is not a luxury but rather a necessity, driven by economic constraints rather than personal aspiration. Thus, this idealization distracts from systemic issues that lead individuals into entrepreneurship.
Job Creation Myths: The Small Business Narrative
The pervasive narrative that small businesses create the majority of jobs in the economy is often misleading and overly romanticized. While small businesses indeed represent a significant part of employment, they also fail and eliminate jobs at alarming rates, making their impact on job creation complex. Historical arguments by researchers like David Birch initially exaggerated small businesses' role in job growth, leading to policy implications that do not align with economic realities. The narrative oversimplifies a much more intricate relationship between business size and job dynamics.
The Work-from-Home Movement: A Historical Context
The concept of working from home emerged significantly during the 1980s, driven by technological advancements and economic pressures that sought flexible working arrangements. Initial proposals were aimed at solving issues such as traffic congestion and increasing productivity, presenting telecommuting as a promising future trend. However, this movement also reflected gendered expectations, encouraging women to work from home while juggling childcare responsibilities, often without addressing systemic childcare problems. In historical hindsight, the nostalgia for the work-from-home model oversimplifies its complexities, particularly amid emerging economic realities and changing workforce dynamics.
The Delusion of Entrepreneurship: A Call for Critical Examination
The glorification of entrepreneurship as a viable solution to various economic challenges obscures the underlying struggles many individuals face in establishing their businesses. This perspective draws attention to the exploitation often inherent in narratives that celebrate self-employment and entrepreneurship without acknowledging the realities of economic inequality. By framing entrepreneurship as a universal solution, society risks ignoring the true socio-political issues at play, such as lack of access to resources and systemic barriers. A more nuanced understanding of entrepreneurship recognizes both its potential benefits and the substantial challenges that can accompany it.
Peoples & Things host, Lee Vinsel, talks to Benjamin Waterhouse, full-as-full-can- be Professor of History at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, about his book, One Day I’ll Work for Myself: The Dream and Delusion that Conquered America(Norton, 2024). The book examines how the ideal of self-employment became so prominent in the United States after the 1970s, and how the idea has had damaging consequences for many groups, who often are attracted to working for themselves not because it is so great but because they have so few other good options. Vinsel and Waterhouse also roast entrepreneurship, small businesses, and other golden calves. They end by discussing a new collaborative project, a forthcoming podcast on the political, cultural, and economic history of the United States in the 1990s.