Shastra Deo, a nuclear semiotics expert from the University of Queensland, joins UK journalist Mark Piesing to explore the complexities of nuclear waste. They discuss the monumental task of constructing underground facilities to secure toxic materials for millennia, emphasizing the need for effective long-term communication of dangers. Innovative concepts like 'Raycats' are introduced as a way to warn future generations. The conversation also touches on climate change’s impact on migration and the emotional toll of environmental uncertainties.
Nuclear semiotics addresses the challenge of creating lasting symbols to warn future generations about the dangers of radioactive waste.
Climate change is driving internal migration, disproportionately affecting lower-income populations who lack the resources to relocate effectively.
Deep dives
Nuclear Semiotics: Communicating Danger Across Time
Nuclear semiotics is a specialized field focused on creating signs that effectively communicate the dangers of toxic radioactive waste to future generations. This discipline confronts the challenge of conveying a warning that remains understandable over immense time spans, such as 10,000 years, with some materials posing risks for as long as 4.5 billion years. The task is made more complex by the need to consider evolving languages and symbols, as evidenced by the inadequacy of the widely recognized trefoil symbol for nuclear waste, which many people do not comprehend. The concept extends beyond communication to include physical representations of danger, including designs that induce fear and warning, all aimed at deterring human interaction with hazardous materials in the future.
Geological Disposal Facilities and Their Challenges
Geological disposal facilities are being developed globally to store high-level nuclear waste, with significant engineering efforts underway in multiple countries, including Finland, Sweden, and France. These facilities, designed to be deep underground, rely on stable geological conditions and the continuous governance of states to maintain their security, raising concerns about the effects of political instability or climate change on long-term safety. The entire licensing and construction process is prolonged, often taking decades to establish a facility that can ideally last for over 100,000 years, although licenses currently cover only 10,000 years. Community opposition has arisen in various locations due to insufficient consultation, highlighting the need to effectively address public concern while managing the inevitable challenges of nuclear waste.
Migration and Climate Change: Internal Population Shifts
Climate change poses a significant threat, driving internal migration trends as people relocate to avoid adverse conditions such as drought and increasing temperatures. Research indicates that mid-income individuals are more likely to move, as they possess the necessary resources to relocate, while the poorest populations, often lacking mobility, may face dire consequences in their current environments. Urban centers are becoming increasingly populated as people flee agricultural areas, raising concerns about the strain on infrastructure and services. Policymakers must proactively address these migration trends, providing support to vulnerable communities that lack resources, ensuring they are prepared for the impacts of climate change on migration flows.
A series of massive underground tombs for nuclear waste are currently under construction. They've taken decades to plan and build and they're designed to house the world's nuclear waste for millennia to come. So where are they being built? How safe will they be? And how to devise a toxic waste warning sign that will make sense to people living tens of thousands of years from now?
Also, the latest research on how climate change is beginning to impact on internal migration within countries.