1530: The Augsburg Confession and Confutation

In 1530, the diet of Augsburg took place where the Augsburg Confession was presented and subsequently rejected by the assembly. The Confutation, a response to the Augsburg Confession, was hastily prepared and widely dismissed. This rejection confused the Lutherans assembled, who had connected their beliefs to Scripture and the ancient confession of the church. Luther's pessimism during this time led him to associate the Ottoman Turks with the coming end of the world. The political nature of the gathering is highlighted, as Europe sought unity against the Ottoman Muslim Empire. Additionally, Luther's proclamation against the Turks in an admonition to prayer emphasized the need for Christians to attend to their own repentance and appeal to God for protection.