Restitutio Theology 8 — Challenging Annihilationism
Today we’ll take a look at a number of confusing scriptures that seem to indicate that hell is a place where the wicked are consciously tormented forever. We’ll look at texts that talk about weeping and gnashing of teeth as well as the how the worm will not die nor the fire be quenched. We’ll consider biblical phrases like “eternal punishment,” “eternal fire,” and “everlasting contempt.” Last of all we’ll analyze two verses in Revelation that use the language of eternal torment to describe the final punishment.
—— Notes ——
State the Doctrine SimplyThe biblical punishment for the wicked is destruction not an eternal life of torture. This is why we find scores of text that use words like perish, cut off, and death to describe the fate of the wicked.
Texts that Support This TeachingGen 2.17; 3.19, 22-23; 5.5; Ps 37.2, 9, 10, 20, 22, 27, 28, 34, 36; Mal 4.1-3; Mt 3.12; 7.13-14; 10.28; 18.8-9; Jn 3.16; Rom 6.23; Gal 6.8; 1 Tim 1.17; 2 Tim 1.9-10; Heb 10.26-27; 2 Pet 2.6; 3.6-7; 1 Jn 5.11-12; Jud 1.6-7
Logical Arguments that Support This Teaching- If Jesus paid our penalty for sin and the penalty for sin is eternal conscious torment, then Jesus had to suffer eternal conscious torment. However, Jesus suffered temporary torture followed by death.
- What does it say about God that he set up our world to be such that those who refuse him must suffer day and night forever and ever without relief? How is he a God of love?
- Justice is proportional so if a man sins for 80 years, he should not suffer eternally. If God punishes people infinitely for a finite number of sins, then this is unjust.
Weeping and Gnashing of Teeth in Fire/Outer Darkness
Matthew 8.11-12 (cp. 13.42) 11 I tell you, many will come from east and west and recline at table with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven, 12 while the sons of the kingdom will be thrown into the outer darkness. In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.”
- “weeping and gnashing of teeth” says nothing about the duration of a punishment. If someone faces judgement they are likely to weep and gnash, whether it is temporary or ongoing.
- “weeping” connotes grief and “gnashing of teeth” anger not suffering
- In the stoning of Stephen the mob got so angry that gnashed their teeth
Acts 7.52-54 52 Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute? And they killed those who announced beforehand the coming of the Righteous One, whom you have now betrayed and murdered, 53 you who received the law as delivered by angels and did not keep it.” 54 Now when they heard these things they were enraged, and they ground their teeth at him. [NASB: “they began gnashing their teeth at him”]
- Acts 7.54 ἔβρυχον τοὺς ὀδόντας
- Matthew 8.12 ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων.
Unquenchable Fire, Worm Does Not Die
Matthew 3.11-12 11 “I baptize you with water for repentance, but he who is coming after me is mightier than I, whose sandals I am not worthy to carry. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire. 12 His winnowing fork is in his hand, and he will clear his threshing floor and gather his wheat into the barn, but the chaff he will burn with unquenchable fire.”
- unquenchable fire is a fire that cannot be put out
- it refers to the quality of the fire not to its duration
- have you ever seen a fire raging so hot, you could not put it out if you tried?
- think of forest fires in California; they are unquenchable
Mark 9.47-48 47 And if your eye causes you to sin, tear it out. It is better for you to enter the kingdom of God with one eye than with two eyes to be thr