Best Practices for Building LLM-Backed Applications
Dec 7, 2023
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Waleed Kadous, Chief Scientist at Anyscale, discusses best practices for building applications leveraging large language models. Topics include heuristics for working with open source models, differences between Code Lama and GitHub Co-pilot, challenges in deploying open source models, using spending data to save data, fine-tuning models in supervised machine learning, and exploring the potential of multimodal models.
Open source models like GPT-3.5 Turbo and llama 270B offer a cost-effective alternative to expensive proprietary models like GPT-4.
While open source models may have limitations, ongoing development is bridging the gaps in functionality.
Fine-tuning models through supervised machine learning workflows can significantly improve performance and accuracy, especially in areas like summarization and natural language to SQL conversion.
Deep dives
Open source models provide pros and cons for users
Open source models like GPT-3.5 Turbo and llama 270B are cost-effective alternatives to proprietary models like GPT-4. While GPT-4 performs exceptionally well, its cost can be astronomical. In contrast, open source models can outperform GPT-3.5 Turbo at a fraction of the cost. For specific applications like email summarization or function calling, open source models may be preferable due to their affordability and effectiveness.
Considerations when using open source models
When utilizing open source models, it is important to note that they may require additional work and adjustments. For example, some open source models may have limitations in handling complex tasks or reasoning abilities. However, the cost-effectiveness of open source models, such as llama 270B or Zephyr, makes them popular choices, especially for price-sensitive customers. While open source models may not have all the features of proprietary models, ongoing development and advancements are bridging the gaps in functionality.
The potential of fine-tuning for model optimization
Fine-tuning is a powerful technique that can enhance the performance and accuracy of models. By creating a labeled data set and following a supervised machine learning workflow, users can fine-tune models to improve specific tasks or provide desired outputs. While fine-tuning is not a solution for improving factual information in models, it can greatly improve performance in areas like summarization and natural language to SQL conversion. Fine-tuning allows for cost-effective enhancements and improved performance compared to using a proprietary model exclusively.
Exploring the capabilities of retrieval augmented generation (RAG)
Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) combines retrieval-based and generative approaches to improve model performance. RAG relies on models like GPT-4 for generation while using retrieval-based methods to retrieve relevant information from an indexed data set. Chunking and embedding models play significant roles in optimizing RAG. By fine-tuning these components and incorporating metadata, the effectiveness of RAG can be improved. The evaluation and tuning of RAG require careful consideration and experimentation to ensure accurate and reliable results for specific applications.
Trends in the industry: diversified hardware and avoiding overregulation
The industry is witnessing a trend of diverse hardware options for inference and training, with companies like AMD and Intel introducing different accelerator architectures. This provides more choices beyond traditional GPU options for model deployment and optimization. Additionally, the emergence of MLIRs and standards like XLA allows for the execution of models on various accelerators. While dependence on a few suppliers remains a concern, the growing diversity in the field provides promise for increased competition and alternative model sources. Avoiding overregulation by focusing on consensus and collaboration can further promote innovation and prevent barriers to entry.