Anne Applebaum on the Twilight of Democracy

In 'Gulag: A History', Anne Applebaum provides a detailed and documented history of the Soviet camp system. The book covers the chronological history of the camps, from their establishment in 1918 to their expansion under Stalin and their eventual collapse. Applebaum draws on Soviet-era archives, diaries, and writings of camp survivors to describe the lives and deaths of inmates, including their arrest, interrogation, transportation, and living conditions. The book also examines the cultural and social aspects of life within the Gulag, including its own laws, customs, literature, and morality. It is recognized as a landmark work of historical scholarship and an essential contribution to understanding the history of the twentieth century.

In 'Twilight of Democracy,' Anne Applebaum explores the rise of authoritarianism and nationalism in modern democracies. She argues that political systems with radically simple beliefs are inherently appealing, especially when they benefit loyal adherents to the exclusion of others. The book examines how despotic leaders rely on allies, bureaucrats, and media figures to support their rule and how modern authoritarian parties offer new paths to wealth and power. Applebaum draws on historical examples, including Stalinist central Europe and Nazi Germany, and investigates contemporary phenomena such as conspiracy theories, social media, and nostalgia. She warns that democracies are fragile and their survival depends on daily choices made by both elites and ordinary people.

In 'Iron Curtain', Anne Applebaum provides a detailed history of how Stalin and his agents imposed communism on Eastern Europe, transforming the lives of millions. The book explores the mechanisms of tyranny, including the role of secret police and the suppression of civil society, drawing on newly opened archives and personal accounts.

Martin Gurri's "The Revolt of the Public" analyzes the growing disconnect between established elites and the general public, exploring the rise of populism and anti-establishment sentiment. The book examines how the rapid dissemination of information through the internet has empowered ordinary citizens, leading to a challenge to traditional power structures. Gurri argues that the elites' inability to adapt to this changing information landscape has fueled public anger and frustration. The book's central theme is the erosion of trust in institutions and the rise of alternative sources of information and authority. Gurri's analysis offers insights into the underlying causes of political polarization and the challenges facing democratic societies in the digital age.