Trump’s return: What’s next for the war in Ukraine
Dec 6, 2024
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Marie Dumoulin, Director of ECFR’s Wider Europe programme, and Jeremy Shapiro, Head of ECFR’s Washington office, delve into the shifting tides of U.S. foreign policy amid Donald Trump’s potential re-election. They discuss the rising conversation around a ceasefire and what it could mean for the war in Ukraine. With Trump’s new envoy, General Kellogg, emerging, they review military strategies and the urgency of European nations to bolster their own security. The pair also highlight the complexities of Ukraine’s mobilization and the geopolitical stakes involved.
Trump's potential re-election may prioritize his political image over substantial peace efforts in Ukraine, impacting international negotiations.
Ukraine's shift towards negotiating underpins a need for stronger security guarantees, reflecting changing dynamics in European and U.S. support strategies.
Deep dives
Trump's Focus on Political Gains Over Outcomes
Donald Trump’s administration may prioritize its political standing over achieving a lasting resolution in Ukraine. His approach tends to center around the desire to fulfill personal promises, rather than considering the stability or fairness for Ukraine and European security. Discussions highlight that Trump's primary aim is to appear as a peacemaker to the American public, which may lead to superficial negotiations rather than meaningful dialogue. This focus on personal outcomes is seen as a significant concern among policymakers, who worry that it detracts from addressing the core issues at hand.
Kellogg's Strategic Approach to Negotiations
General Keith Kellogg's appointment as the Ukraine envoy has sparked discussions about his proposed negotiation tactics, which align with Trump's negotiating style. His approach involves leveraging a substantial aid package as a bargaining tool, threatening to cut aid if Ukraine or Russia fails to engage in negotiations. This plan highlights an aggressive negotiation strategy that seeks to compel both parties into discussions through pressure rather than a collaborative effort for peace. While the specifics of the plan remain vague, it suggests that the personal dynamics of Trump's leadership will heavily influence the negotiations ahead.
Shifting Ukrainian and European Perspectives
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky has adjusted his stance, indicating a willingness to negotiate a settlement while seeking strong security guarantees from Western allies. This marks a shift from previous rhetoric focusing solely on territorial integrity and military victory. The willingness to accept the reality of lost territories, provided they receive NATO membership and support, reflects Ukraine's strategic recalibration in light of changing global dynamics. Furthermore, Europeans are realizing that their security strategies must adapt independently of U.S. involvement, advocating for a proactive approach in supporting Ukraine despite uncertainties.
Contemplating European Security Responses
The evolving situation in Ukraine has prompted European leaders to consider potential military and security frameworks that do not solely rely on U.S. support. Discussions revolve around various approaches, such as deploying European forces to provide a deterrent presence in Ukraine, despite skepticism about the feasibility and effectiveness of such plans. There is concern that any engagement could expose European troops to heightened risks without a clear strategy or backing from the U.S. Ultimately, European officials are urged to solidify their security positions and develop credible strategies that convey their commitment to Ukraine amidst fluctuating U.S. policies under Trump's administration.
Its almost three years after Russia invaded Ukraine and, despite small Russian gains in the east, the war looks no closer to reaching a military conclusion. But with Donald Trump’s re-election, change is in the air. Talk of a ceasefire, once taboo, is now common in Washington and even in eastern European capitals – not to mention among government officials in major cities such as Berlin, Paris, and London.
This week Mark Leonard welcomes Marie Dumoulin, director of ECFR’s Wider Europe programme, and Jeremy Shapiro, head of ECFR’s Washington office, to discuss how Trump’s re-election could affect the war in Ukraine, international efforts for peace, and potential end-game scenarios. Which tools could a Trump administration use to bring both sides to the negotiating table? Who is Keith Kellogg, Trump’s pick as Ukraine envoy? How might Europeans help Ukraine defend itself if the US is out of the picture? And how will the different sides use the period until Trump’s inauguration to advance their positions?