110. Chris Patten: Conservatism, China, and the future of democracy
Dec 2, 2024
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This conversation features Chris Patten, the last Governor of Hong Kong and a former Conservative politician renowned for his insights on China. He reflects on Hong Kong’s post-handover challenges and the precarious 'One Country, Two Systems' policy. Patten discusses the West's role in improving relations with China and the importance of human rights. He also delves into Brexit regrets and the need for meaningful dialogue in UK politics today. Lastly, he addresses how faith can inspire a more compassionate society amidst global political turmoil.
Chris Patten critiques the poll tax implemented during Thatcher's administration, acknowledging it as a significant political blunder despite its intended fairness.
Reflecting on his tenure as Governor of Hong Kong, Patten expresses concerns over the erosion of democratic rights since the 1997 handover to China.
Patten advocates for Western nations to uphold human rights and democracy, resisting the temptation to compromise these principles for economic gain.
Deep dives
Early Influences and Family Background
Chris Patten discusses his upbringing and family heritage, noting that his father was the grandson of an Irish immigrant who left during the potato famine. He describes a home environment rich in music, as both parents were involved in the arts, with his father being a drummer and his mother an aspiring actress. Patten's familial background reflects a strong value placed on education, as his grandparents were schoolteachers. These early influences shaped his perspective on life and politics, revealing how immigrant families often prioritize education to improve their circumstances.
Journey into Politics
Patten recounts his unexpected path into politics, dispelling the notion that he was politically inclined during his university years. His journey began in earnest when he worked in the Conservative Research Department, which was a pivotal moment leading him toward a political career. He emphasizes that his conservative beliefs were more about a worldview of consensus and less about strict ideology. Throughout his early experiences in American politics, he gained insights that would inform his later political choices in the UK.
The Poll Tax Controversy
Patten elaborates on his role in implementing the poll tax during Margaret Thatcher's administration, which he acknowledges as a significant political blunder. He explains that the intention behind the tax was to create fairness in local taxation, but it ultimately proved deeply unpopular and sparked widespread riots. Despite his reservations about the policy, he felt compelled to support it due to his position in government, expressing regret over the public backlash it generated. His candidness about this difficult period reveals the complexities of political decision-making and the challenges faced by ministers in conveying unpopular policies.
Governorship of Hong Kong and the Handover
As the last governor of Hong Kong, Patten shares the emotional weight he experienced during the 1997 handover to China, recalling both personal and political stakes involved. He asserts that his administration actively sought to improve democratic rights and governorship arrangements before the transition, which made him a target of criticism from the Chinese authorities. Despite their initial compliance with the 'One Country, Two Systems' framework, Patten expresses doubt about their true commitment and concerns regarding the fate of Hong Kong's freedoms post-handover. His insights reflect the volatile nature of Sino-British relations and the struggles in preserving democratic values within an authoritarian context.
Reflections on Politics and Human Rights
In discussing his views on human rights, Patten emphasizes the responsibility of Western nations to stand firm against authoritarian regimes despite economic pressures. He argues that principles of democracy should not be compromised for the sake of trade and investment, citing past experiences as evidence. While acknowledging the complexity of global politics, he speaks candidly about how leaders often miscalculate their relationships with China, leading to diminished human rights advocacy. Patten remains hopeful about the future of democracy in Hong Kong, advocating for sustained attention to human rights issues even as he reflects on the challenges posed by a resurgent Chinese Communist Party.
As the last Governor of Hong Kong, what are Chris Patten's reflections on the city’s trajectory since the handover in 1997? How can the West improve it's relationship to China? What role does religion play in fostering a more compassionate society today?
Rory and Alastair are joined by Lord Chris Patten to discuss all this and much more.
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