Uncovering the misunderstood legacy of ancient Babylon, from the rise of the first cities to the reign of Nebuchadnezzar. Exploring Hammurabi's influential law code, extensive clay tablet writings, and the impact of Babylonian culture and architecture.
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Quick takeaways
Babylon was a center of cultural, economic, and religious power in the ancient world.
Babylonians made significant contributions to astronomy, mathematics, and literature with lasting cultural impact.
Deep dives
The Emergence of Babylon and Mesopotamian Civilization
Farming in the Middle East led to the south of Iraq being populated. As people congregated in larger settlements, the first cities like Uradzu, Ur, and Uruk emerged around 3000 BC. The city-states were not just population centers but also centers of cultural, economic, and religious power, featuring temples at their core.
Babylon's Rise and King Hammurabi
Babylon became prominent in the second millennium BC following the Sumerians. King Hammurabi introduced a famous law code, though not the first, focusing on justice like 'an eye for an eye'. The Sumerians laid foundations in mathematics, geometry, and writing, predating later discoveries like those attributed to Pythagoras.
Babylonian Astronomy and Cultural Influence
Babylonians developed systematic astronomy around the 8th century BC, observing planets, sun, and moon movements for divine signals. Their writing system, cuneiform, impressed on clay tablets, revolutionized communication. The epic of Gilgamesh, a Mesopotamian masterpiece, predated and influenced works in Greece and Rome, showcasing Babylon's enduring cultural impact.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the truth about Babylon. Six thousand years ago, between the Tigris and the Euphrates, the first cities were being built. The great empire to spring from the region was Babylon, which held sway for over a thousand years and in that time managed to garner an extraordinarily bad press: it’s associated with the Tower of Babel, with Nineveh where Jonah is sent to preach repentance and, perhaps most famously, with “Mystery, Babylon the Great, the Mother of Harlots and Abominations of the Earth” - the whore of Babylon, who in Revelation is taken to personify the city itself. It’s not just the Bible; Herodotus described the Babylonians as effeminate, lascivious and decadent as well.But what is the true story? Classics in this country has meant a study of Greece and Rome, but there is an increasingly vocal contingent that claims that Babylonian culture has been hugely undervalued, and that there is a great wealth of extraordinary literature waiting to be translated.With Eleanor Robson, Lecturer in the History and Philosophy of Science at Cambridge University; Irving Finkel, Curator in the Department of the Ancient Near East at the British Museum; Andrew George, Professor of Babylonian at the School of Oriental and African Studies.
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