Epigenetic Aging, Cognitive Function and Visuospatial Processing in People With HIV

A new research paper was published in Aging (Aging-US) Volume 14, Issue 24, entitled, “Epigenetic aging is associated with aberrant neural oscillatory dynamics serving visuospatial processing in people with HIV.” Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, cognitive impairment and other aging-related comorbidities are more prevalent in people with HIV (PWH) than in the general population. Previous research examining DNA methylation has shown PWH exhibit accelerated biological aging. However, it is unclear how accelerated biological aging may affect neural oscillatory activity in virally suppressed PWH, and more broadly how such aberrant neural activity may impact neuropsychological performance. Participants (n = 134) between the ages of 23 – 72 years underwent a neuropsychological assessment, a blood draw to determine biological age via DNA methylation, and a visuospatial processing task during magnetoencephalography (MEG). Researchers Mikki Schantell, Brittany K. Taylor, Rachel K. Spooner, Pamela E. May, Jennifer O’Neill, Brenda M. Morsey, Tina Wang, Trey Ideker, Sara H. Bares, Howard S. Fox, and Tony W. Wilson from the Boys Town National Research Hospital, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Creighton University, Heinrich-Heine University, and the University of California San Diego focused their analyses on the relationship between biological age and oscillatory theta (4-8 Hz) and alpha (10 - 16 Hz) activity among PWH (n=65) and seronegative controls (n = 69). “To our knowledge, no study to date has directly linked accelerated biological aging in PWH to the neuro-functional changes that occur in cognitively impaired PWH, which include deficits in visuospatial processing, attention, working memory, and motor function networks.” PWH had significantly elevated biological age when controlling for chronological age relative to controls. Biological age was differentially associated with theta oscillations in the left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and with alpha oscillations in the right medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) among PWH and seronegative controls. Stronger alpha oscillations in the mPFC were associated with lower CD4 nadir and lower current CD4 counts, suggesting such responses were compensatory. Participants who were on combination antiretroviral therapy for longer had weaker theta oscillations in the PCC. Full press release - https://www.aging-us.com/news_room/Aging-Epigenetic-aging-associated-with-aberrant-neural-oscillatory-dynamics-serving-visuospatial-processing-in-people-with-HIV DOI: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204437 Corresponding Author: Tony W. Wilson - tony.wilson@boystown.org Keywords: HIV, epigenetics, biological age, visuospatial discrimination, oscillations About Aging-US: Launched in 2009, Aging (Aging-US) publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways. Visit our website at www.Aging-US.com​​ and connect with us: SoundCloud – https://soundcloud.com/Aging-Us Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/AgingUS/ Twitter – https://twitter.com/AgingJrnl Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/agingjrnl/ YouTube – https://www.youtube.com/agingus​ LinkedIn – https://www.linkedin.com/company/aging/ For media inquiries, contact media@impactjournals.com.