The Untold History of Climate Science and Politics
Aug 27, 2024
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Jay Hakes, an energy policy expert, dives into the hidden history of climate science and politics. He discusses how early pioneers like Roger Ravel and Dave Keeling recognized carbon dioxide as a critical issue, influencing U.S. policy. Hakes reveals the challenges these scientists faced in reaching the White House and contrasts U.S. and European approaches to climate change. With insights from his book, he highlights the pivotal roles of advisors and missed opportunities in climate legislation across the decades.
The evolution of climate change awareness since the 1950s was driven by early scientists who warned about pollution's impact on climate, as evidenced by Roger Revelle's pioneering work on atmospheric carbon measurements.
Presidential administrations faced challenges in addressing climate policy, fluctuating between environmental responsibility and energy security, reflecting the complex interplay of political dynamics and economic interests throughout the decades.
Deep dives
The Historical Context of Climate Change Awareness
The narrative of climate change awareness can be traced back to the 1950s, highlighting early discussions and warnings from scientists. An important marker includes a 1953 New York Times article predicting how industrial activities would alter the climate, largely influenced by British amateur scientist Callendar’s work. By the mid-1950s, notable figures like Roger Revelle began advocating for serious understanding of carbon dioxide's role in climate dynamics, challenging prevailing beliefs that it would merely fall into the ocean. This era laid the groundwork for a deeper exploration of climate-related issues, encouraging a reevaluation of scientific consensus on climate change.
Pioneering Climate Scientists
Roger Revelle and Dave Keeling are recognized as pivotal figures in the evolution of climate change science, making significant contributions during the 1950s. Revelle, who was influential in bridging science and policy, established a systematic approach to measuring atmospheric carbon, leading to the iconic Keeling Curve, which provided irrefutable data on carbon accumulation. Their efforts to educate policymakers about the dire consequences of climate change set the stage for future dialogue and advocacy within U.S. governance. The significant public engagement of scientists during this period aided in bringing climate issues to the attention of influential figures, including presidents.
Presidential Recognition and Response
Throughout presidential administrations, notably those of Kennedy, Johnson, and Carter, there was increasing acknowledgment of climate change. Kennedy’s administration subtly acknowledged the climate's intricacies, while Johnson's 1965 report signified the first presidential warning on the potential impacts of climate change due to carbon emissions. Carter was a milestone figure, directly briefed on climate issues and supporting significant investments in renewable energy technologies. Despite this progress, a balancing act between energy security and environmental responsibility often complicated decisive action on climate policy.
Political Challenges and Technological Advances
The evolution of climate policy faced continuous challenges due to political dynamics and economic interests, particularly during the Reagan and Bush administrations. While Reagan’s administration initially curtailed environmental regulations, it later fostered bipartisan efforts that led to key advancements in understanding greenhouse gases. The struggle for comprehensive action intensified with events such as the 1990 Clean Air Act amendments and the Earth Summit, yet internal governance challenges meant the U.S. lagged behind in consistent climate policy. The discussion emphasized that while technology and scientific understanding advanced, political will and coherence in policy remained elusive, affecting progress on climate action.
In 1953, the New York Yankees beat the Brooklyn Dodgers in the World Series, “From Here to Eternity” won the Academy Award for Best Motion Picture. And on May 24 deep in the education section of The New York Times, there was a short piece titled “How Industry May Change Climate.”
In the years after, scientists went from writing about the possible impacts of pollution on climate to warning U.S. presidents. And energy policy expert and scholar Jay Hakes says there’s much more to the story.
From scientists who quietly worked to address growing environmental threats, to lawmakers who deliberated in Congress and the White House over what to do about them, Jay says there’s a history that hasn’t been told. In his new book, Jay looks at these early climate change pioneers and asks about the challenges they faced.
What was it like trying to influence the White House? What solutions did these pioneers offer? And how can their stories further our discourse around climate change today?
Jay is a scholar and author on U.S. energy policy. From 2000-2013 he served as the director of the Jimmy Carter Presidential Library. He also served in both the Obama and Clinton administrations, including a seven-year stint as director of the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Jay’s other books include “Energy Crises: Nixon, Ford, Carter, and Hard Choices in the 1970s” and “A Declaration of Energy Policy Independence.”
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