If DNA is Code, Can AI Help Write It? Scaling Cell Programming and Synthetic Biology, with Ginkgo Bioworks Co-founder and CEO Jason Kelly
Sep 28, 2023
37:00
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Jason Kelly, Co-founder and CEO of Ginkgo Bioworks, discusses using AI and DNA as code to revolutionize cell programming. Topics include bioengineering protein models, preparing for future pandemics, and the role of AI in synthetic biology.
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Quick takeaways
Synthetic biology uses DNA as code to make cells as easy to work with as computers, integrating AI to enhance design and optimization processes.
The integration of advanced technologies, like AI, can enhance global biosecurity by enabling early detection and rapid responses to infectious disease outbreaks.
Deep dives
Synthetic biology and its potential impact
Synthetic biology is described as the digital revolution in biology. The focus is on building developer tools and production infrastructure to make cells as easy to work with as computers. The core idea is that DNA is code, and inside cells, DNA functions like tape. However, the analogy ends there as the cell's behavior is vastly different from a digital system. Synthetic biology has been exploring what can be brought over from programming into the biological world, with AI being the latest technology being integrated.
The challenge of working with biological systems
Working with biological systems presents unique challenges compared to working with digital systems. Unlike semiconductor chips that are physically isolated and built by humans, cells are physical entities that use DNA code to make proteins. The complex interactions between proteins and the unpredictable nature of biological systems can frustrate those accustomed to the logic and predictability of computer programming. However, the power and uniqueness of biological systems, which replicate and self-assemble, make them worth working with despite the challenges.
The role of AI in synthetic biology
AI is being increasingly integrated into synthetic biology to enhance design and optimization processes. AI-assisted protein engineering, for example, helps to improve the activity and production of proteins by testing and analyzing various genetic designs. The availability of large-scale data sets is crucial for training AI models in biology. By using AI, scientists can leverage its powerful analysis capabilities to navigate the complexities and achieve better outcomes in biological engineering.
Preparing for future pandemics and the importance of biosecurity
The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the vulnerability of global healthcare systems and the need for better preparedness. In response, rapid vaccine development and monitoring systems similar to radar for infectious diseases have been suggested. The goal is to detect outbreaks early and enable timely responses, similar to how hurricanes are monitored. The integration of advanced technologies, such as AI, along with robust monitoring and rapid responses, holds the potential to enhance global biosecurity.
Ginkgo Bioworks is using DNA as code to digitize the cell programming revolution. Ginkgo is using AI and synthetic biology to keep the next pandemic at bay, and accelerate our production capabilities for medicine, food, and agriculture. Ginkgo’s co-founder and CEO Jason Kelly joins hosts Sarah Guo and Elad Gil to discuss bioengineering protein as a foundational model, specialized data learning from an evolutionary perspective, what we need to prepare for a future pandemic, and more.
Jason has served as a member of our board of directors since Ginkgo’s founding in 2008. He has also served as a director of CM Life Sciences II Inc. (Nasdaq: CMII), a special purpose acquisition company with a focus on the life sciences sector, since its initial public offering in February 2021. Jason holds a Ph.D. in Biological Engineering and a B.S. in Chemical Engineering and Biology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.