In a thought-provoking discussion, Brian Lowery, a social psychologist at Stanford and author of "Selfless", challenges the idea of the individual self as an innate essence. He argues that our identities are social constructs, shaped by our interactions and cultural context. The conversation touches on how self-perception is influenced by societal narratives and even technology, as well as the complexities of identity in both individualistic and collectivist cultures. Lowery explores the fluidity of self-presentation, authenticity, and the masks we wear in our daily lives.
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The Self: A Constructed Concept
The self is a concept we invent to understand the world, not a fundamental part of reality.
It arises from social interactions and our place within a social network.
question_answer ANECDOTE
Out-of-Body Experience
The out-of-body experience can be induced by stroking a person's back while they view their avatar being stroked.
This shows our sense of self is malleable and constructed, not fixed.
question_answer ANECDOTE
Rubber Hand Illusion
The rubber hand illusion demonstrates how easily we incorporate external objects into our sense of self.
Stroking a rubber hand while stroking a hidden real hand makes people react as if the rubber hand is theirs.
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In 'The Enigma of Reason', Mercier and Sperber argue that human reason did not evolve to enable individuals to solve abstract logical problems or make better decisions on their own. Instead, they propose that reason is primarily a social competence, developed to justify thoughts and actions to others, produce arguments to convince others, and evaluate the reasons given by others. This theory explains why reason is both a unique cognitive capacity of humans and why it often leads to biased and lazy reasoning. The book emphasizes that reason's main utility lies in facilitating cooperation and communication within complex social groups, making it an adaptation to the hypersocial niche humans have built for themselves[1][2][3].
Selfless
The Social Creation of You
Brian S. Lowery
There is an image, especially in Western cultures, of the rugged, authentic, self-made individual choosing how to navigate the intricacies of the social world. But there is no mystical soul within us, manifesting as the immutable essence of self. What we think of as our "self" is shaped by our environment and our genes, and most of all by our interactions with other people. Psychologist Brian Lowery argues for a strong version of this thesis, positing that our sense of self is largely a social construct. We talk about the implications of this idea, and what it means for shifting notions of personal identity.
Brian Lowery received his Ph.D. in psychology from the University of California Los Angeles. He is currently Walter Kenneth Kilpatrick Professor of Organizational Behavior at Stanford University Graduate School of Business. His new book is Selfless: The Social Creation of "You."