Inner Cosmos with David Eagleman Ep111 "Might we be surrounded with undetected minds?" (with Michael Levin)
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Jul 7, 2025 
Michael Levin, a Tufts University professor and expert in developmental biology, dives into the fascinating world of unconventional intelligences. He challenges conventional definitions by exploring how intelligence may manifest outside of traditional brains, from bipedal dogs to resilient cells. Levin suggests that even simple organisms showcase complex problem-solving abilities, urging listeners to rethink intelligence. The conversation probes philosophical questions about consciousness and the potential of recognizing the diverse minds that may exist around us.
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Broad Definition of Intelligence
- Intelligence can be defined broadly as the ability to reach the same goal by different means, showing adaptability and problem-solving.
- This perspective expands intelligence beyond brains to include systems like cells and organs working towards goals.
Biological Flexibility in Development
- Newt kidney tubules adjust their structure when their cells get bigger, using fewer but larger cells to maintain the same functional shape.
- Tadpoles with scrambled facial features still develop normal frogs by navigating to correct anatomical goals.
Plasticity Beyond Typical Bodies
- A dog born without front legs learned to walk bipedally because of motivation and body flexibility.
- Xenobots and anthrobots demonstrate cells creating new forms and behaviors without genetic changes, showing cellular plasticity.