Dr. Jeffrey Mankoff discusses how the imperial histories of China, Iran, Russia, and Turkey shape their international actions today. Topics include strategic competition, nationalism in Ukraine and Russia, tensions in the Caucasus, reactions to Xinjiang developments, and interactions between the four powers.
The imperial legacies of Russia, China, Iran, and Turkey shape their political cultures, legitimize their foreign policies, and challenge the current US-led international order.
Imperial aspirations serve as a justification for the revisionist foreign policy approaches of Russia, China, Iran, and Turkey, reinforcing their efforts and ideologies.
Deep dives
The Role of Imperial Legacies in Geopolitics
The podcast episode discusses the important role played by Imperial legacies in the contemporary geopolitics of Eurasia. It explores how countries such as Russia, China, Iran, and Turkey draw on their imperial pasts to shape their political cultures and legitimize their foreign policy approaches. These countries, all former empires themselves, are identified as the main revisionist challenges to the current US-led international order. The discussion highlights the significance of these imperial legacies in shaping the behavior and aspirations of these countries in the global arena.
The Commonality Among the Revisionist Powers
The podcast points out that all the main US strategic rivals and revisionist powers in Eurasia, namely Russia, China, Iran, and Turkey, share a common feature: they have imperial pasts that continue to influence their political cultures. From Russia's aggression in Ukraine to China's assertiveness in the South China Sea and Iran's support for groups like Hezbollah, the countries' imperial legacies serve as a source of legitimation and a justification for their revisionist foreign policy approaches. This shared aspiration to revive imperial power reinforces their efforts and ideologies.
Interplay Among the Imperial Powers
The podcast delves into the complex relationships among the imperial powers of Eurasia. It discusses the competitive yet interconnected dynamics between Russia and Turkey, where they engage in strategic competition in certain geographies while still supporting the idea that they and their imperial rivals have the right to engage in such behavior. Iran is also explored, highlighting its historical tension with Russia but current alignment due to shared imperial aspirations. The episode also touches on China's role as a new imperial power and its focus on regions like Xinjiang and the Belt and Road Initiative. The interplay among these powers reveals a delicate balance of competition and cooperation in pursuit of their imperial objectives.
Challenges and the Future Landscape
The episode raises questions and challenges regarding the future landscape shaped by these imperial legacies. It acknowledges the complexity of democratization in these countries, as the heterogeneity of their populations and ethnic divisions present obstacles to achieving true liberal democracy. However, the discussion emphasizes the importance of resilience in democratic sentiments and the need for continued efforts to strengthen Western-style democratic models. The podcast also examines the role of the West, particularly the United States, in countering the imperial aspirations of these countries. It suggests a combination of assertiveness in addressing imperial behavior and promoting democratic values while also focusing on strengthening their own systems and values.
In this week's episode, you will hear a conversation Max had in December 2022 with Dr. Jeffrey Mankoff, discussing Jeff's book, Empires of Eurasia: How Imperial Legacies Shape International Security. Jeff argues that the imperial histories of contemporary China, Iran, Russia, and Turkey are critical in studying the international actions of these four Eurasian powers today.
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