Umberto Eco discusses the true nature of scandals, secrets, and the hidden workings of power. The essay links digital technology, medieval mystery, and Dan Brown. The podcast explores the rise and fall of WikiLeaks, diplomats as spies, the value of face-to-face interaction, Julian Assange, and the challenges of shaping information.
Umberto Eco criticizes the false promise of digital technology and argues that the overwhelming volume of information reinforces existing power structures.
Eco critiques the belief that Wikileaks truly exposed secrets, highlighting the inability of individuals to discern new information from the vast amount available.
Deep dives
Umberto Echo: From Novelist to Essayist
Umberto Eco, known primarily for his novel 'The Name of the Rose,' had a diverse career as an academic, writer, and journalist. While his bestselling novel brought him fame and fortune, his true passion was exploring signs, symbols, and language. In his essay 'Thoughts on Wikileaks,' Eco examines the false promise of digital technology and the illusion of transparency. He argues that the vast volume of information available today actually reinforces existing power structures, making it harder to uncover genuine secrets and conspiracies. Echo criticizes Wikileaks' approach of indiscriminately dumping information, highlighting the need for expertise and storytelling to extract meaningful stories from the overwhelming amount of data. Ultimately, he concludes that genuine power lies in the ability to shape information and reach a wide audience, a power that remains concentrated in the hands of those who already hold power.
Wikileaks: A False Scandal of Transparency
Wikileaks, founded by Julian Assange, aimed to expose hidden government secrets and increase transparency. However, in Echo's view, the scandal surrounding Wikileaks was largely a fake one. He argues that the information released by Wikileaks, such as US government diplomatic communication, merely confirmed what was already known or suspected. Diplomatic espionage and information gathering are not new concepts, and the revelations did not truly expose secrets. Echo critiques the belief that the digital revolution would lead to a more open and transparent world, stating that the overwhelming volume of information makes it impossible for individuals to discern new information from the vast amount available. Instead, people tend to gravitate towards information that confirms their existing beliefs and biases, reinforcing the phenomenon of confirmation bias. Echo suggests that rather than empowering ordinary citizens, the digital revolution has reinforced the role of storytellers and gatekeepers in shaping public opinion.
Julian Assange and the Failure of Wikileaks
Andrew O'Hagan's essay on Julian Assange and his involvement in ghostwriting Assange's autobiography sheds light on the inner workings of Wikileaks. O'Hagan discovers that Assange was more interested in creating scandal and maintaining his own image than in curating and telling meaningful stories from the information he had access to. Assange's obsession with personal relationships and his preoccupation with what people were saying about him hindered the development of Wikileaks into an organization that could effectively shape information and communicate important stories. O'Hagan's experience with Assange highlights the shocking realization that the empowerments promised by the digital revolution often lead to reinforcing existing power structures rather than challenging them.
Echo's Concluding Thoughts: The Shock of the Old
Echo's overall conclusion is that technology, including the digital revolution, often takes us backward or sideways rather than propelling us into a new future. The sheer volume of information available overwhelms individuals and reinforces existing patterns and power structures. Echo highlights the power of shaping information as the true source of power, but notes that this power is often held by those who already have influence. He argues that information itself is not power, but rather the ability to package and shape information in a way that captures attention and shapes public opinion is where true power lies. In this age of information overload, personal relationships and the ability to interpret and filter information play a crucial role in determining which stories are heard and which remain hidden.
This week’s episode in our series on the great essays and great essayists explores Umberto Eco’s ‘Thoughts on Wikileaks’ (2010). Eco writes about what makes a true scandal, what are real secrets, and what it would mean to expose the hidden workings of power. It is an essay that connects digital technology, medieval mystery and Dan Brown. Plus David talks about the hidden meaning of Julian Assange.
‘The breadth of Eco’s search spreads out to include disgust, horror, fear, obscenity, misogyny, perversity, bigotry, social exclusiveness, repression, inexplicability, evil, deformation, degradation, heterogeneity.’