Episode 195: The 4% Rule and Beyond: Retirement Strategies with Bill Bengen

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Sep 9, 2025

William Bengen, a retired financial planner and aerospace engineer, revolutionized retirement planning with the 4% rule. He explains how inflation and market valuations critically affect sustainable withdrawal rates. Bengen emphasizes the need for a comprehensive withdrawal plan and recommends adjusting strategies to around 5.5% for today's economic climate. Listeners learn about the importance of asset allocation and regular monitoring of retirement plans. He also discusses strategies to navigate market volatility and the necessity of continuous adjustments for a secure financial future.

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ANECDOTE

How The 4% Rule Was Born

Bill Bengen recounts creating the 4% rule by hand using historical returns and inflation data in the early 1990s.
He built the research because no one had produced usable guidance for long retirements then.

INSIGHT

Eight Elements That Determine Safe Withdrawals

Withdrawal rules, planning horizon, account type, legacy goals, allocation, rebalancing, return assumptions, and timing all shape a sustainable withdrawal rate.
Explicitly defining these eight elements is necessary before choosing a safe initial withdrawal number.

ADVICE

Match Assumptions Before Using A Rule

When applying Bengen's percentages, confirm your assumptions: inflation regime, CAPE, account type, and 55/40/5 baseline allocation.
Don’t mechanically use a percent without matching the eight elements he defines.

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In this episode of Retire with Style, Wade Pfau and Alex Murguia talk with William Bengen, pioneer of the 4% rule in retirement planning. They explore the rule’s evolution, how inflation and market valuations shape sustainable withdrawals, and Bengen’s current recommendations. The discussion highlights the role of asset allocation, the importance of withdrawal strategies, and why ongoing monitoring is essential for a secure retirement.

Takeaways

William Bengen modernized retirement income planning with the 4% rule.
Inflation is a critical factor in determining sustainable withdrawal rates.
Market volatility can significantly impact retirement portfolios.
A comprehensive withdrawal plan should consider multiple factors.
Current recommendations suggest a withdrawal rate of around 5.5%.
Asset allocation plays a vital role in retirement planning.
Investors should consider a rising equity glide path strategy.
Regular monitoring and adjustments to retirement plans are essential.
High inflation can permanently elevate withdrawal amounts.
The 4% rule is not a one-size-fits-all solution.

Chapters

00:00 Introduction to Retirement Income Planning

01:14 The Birth of the 4% Rule

03:03 Understanding Withdrawal Rates

09:15 The Impact of Inflation on Withdrawals

12:45 Market Valuation and Its Effects

18:07 Current Withdrawal Rate Recommendations

21:10 Asset Allocation Strategies

24:04 Free Lunches in Investment Strategies

27:34 Key Takeaways from A Richer Retirement

31:15 Future Research Directions

Links

Join Us for RWS Live! with Bill Bengen!
We’re going live on Thursday, September 11th at 1:00 PM ET on the Retire With Style YouTube channel! You’ll have the chance to ask Bill Bengen—creator of the 4% rule—your retirement questions live in the chat.

Search “Retire With Style” on YouTube, or click this link to join us directly: https://retirewithstyle.com/rws-youtube-live

Don’t forget to subscribe so you get notified when we go live!

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