Understanding Delirium and Its Clinical Features

Delirium is a serious problem in hospitalized patients, doubling the risk of death and causing cognitive and functional impairment. Delirium is common, affecting approximately one in five inpatients, with higher rates in surgery and intensive care units. It is marked by inattention, disorientation, thought disorganization, fluctuating symptoms, disrupted sleep-wake cycles, and emotional changes. Delirium can be categorized into hypoactive, hyperactive, and mixed types, each requiring specific attention. Certain factors, including age, cognitive impairment, medication use, and medical conditions, increase the risk of delirium.