10 | What Can Science Tell Us About Happiness? ~ Anna Alexandrova
Dec 10, 2022
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Philosopher of science, Anna Alexandrova, discusses the science of happiness, including what happiness questionnaires measure, the Easterlin paradox, diverse measures of happiness, and the validity of the World Happiness Report. The podcast also explores the role of experts in society and the crisis of expertise.
Measuring happiness requires considering multiple indicators and stakeholder perspectives.
Value judgments should be balanced in well-being research to avoid bias in measurement.
Socio-economic factors like poverty and social conditions significantly impact happiness.
Deep dives
The Science of Happiness
The podcast episode explores the theme of the science of happiness and the possibility of measuring happiness. Dr. Alexandra Vahr, a philosopher of science from Cambridge University, discusses the historical background of studying happiness dating back to classical thinkers in Greek and Roman philosophy. She highlights the recent explosion of research on well-being, focusing on the use of questionnaires and indicators to measure happiness. The episode also examines the relationship between positive psychology and economics, highlighting the different approaches and paradigms within the field of well-being research.
The Validity of Well-being Measures
The podcast delves into the validation of measures used to study well-being. Dr. Vahr discusses the challenges of measuring flourishing and the subjective nature of well-being. She emphasizes the importance of considering different stakeholder perspectives in the development of well-being measures and advocates for participatory methods. The episode also addresses the issue of value judgments in well-being research and the need for a balanced approach in order to avoid bias in the measurement of well-being.
Exploring the Relationship between Happiness and socio-economic factors
The podcast examines the relationship between happiness and socio-economic factors. It discusses findings from research, including the correlation between poverty, addiction, and lower well-being. The episode highlights the importance of studying deaths of despair and the impact of social conditions on happiness. Additionally, it explores the World Happiness Report and the rankings of different countries, including Finland's high ranking in life satisfaction despite higher rates of depression. The podcast emphasizes the need for further research to understand the mechanisms behind these rankings and the complex relationship between happiness and socio-economic factors.
Diverse Values in the Science of Well-being
The podcast discusses the importance of promoting a value-laden science of well-being that is responsive to various values and perspectives. It argues against eliminating values and emphasizes the need for a pluralistic approach that embraces diversity in conceptions of well-being.
The Role of Experts in Society
The podcast explores the role of experts in society and the challenges they face in gaining trust and credibility. It highlights the need for experts to navigate the dilemma of being respected while avoiding the burden of claiming to have all-encompassing knowledge. It also discusses the anxiety and controversies surrounding expertise, emphasizing that expertise can coexist with democracy when there is a responsible division of epistemic labor.
In this episode, a philosopher of science from Cambridge offers us a cautiously optimistic guide to the science of happiness. Dr Anna Alexandrova, the author of A Philosophy for the Science of Well-being, and Ilari discuss questions such as:
What do happiness questionnaires measure?
Are rich countries happier than poorer ones?
Should the science of happiness measure concepts such as “flourishing”? Or focus on simple questions like “how satisfied are you with your life”?
Why psychologists and economists are averse to qualitative measures? When is this a problem?
Why are some scholars so pessimistic about the science of happiness?
Dr Alexandrova's experience of growing up in the Soviet Union and post-soviet Russia
Is Ilari actually from the world’s happiest country?
Names mentioned
Dan Hayburn (philosopher at St Louis University)
Max Weber (sociologist 1864-1920)
Polly Mitchell (philosopher at KCL)
Thomas Kuhn (philosopher of science, 1922-1966)
Johanna Thoma (philosopher at LSE)
Naomi Oreskes and Eric Conway (authors of Merchants of Doubt)