The ignorance of experts |Julian Baggini, Ellen Clarke, Ben Burgis
Oct 3, 2023
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Philosopher Julian Baggini, philosopher of biology Ellen Clarke, and radical philosopher Ben Burgis debate the relevance of scientific facts, questioning the role of experts and the need for transparency in scientific communication. They discuss the pluralism of expertise, the role of values in theory building, the challenges of following science, and the importance of trust and reassurance during uncertain times.
Science should be seen as a collective endeavor, focusing on diversity and democracy within the scientific community to ensure different values are considered and debated.
Scientific knowledge is influenced by values, and acknowledging and engaging with these values can foster trust in science.
Deep dives
Science as a Collective Endeavor
Science should be seen as a collective endeavor rather than an ultimate account of the world. It is important to recognize that scientific knowledge is not value-free, but the result of a community working together. The focus should be on diversity and democracy within the scientific community to ensure that different values are considered and debated. Trust in science can be rebuilt by being more transparent about the values at play in scientific research and making collective decisions based on a wide range of perspectives.
The Role of Values in Science
Science is not solely determined by data, but also by the values that guide the interpretation of the data. Different values can lead to different conclusions, and it is important to acknowledge and engage with the values shaping scientific theories and hypotheses. By being open about the values involved in scientific research, including the values of diversity and inclusivity, trust in science can be fostered.
The Use of Science in Policy Making
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the reliance on scientific expertise in policy making was questioned. It is essential to ensure that scientific advice is not used as a smokescreen to avoid political responsibility, but instead is used as a basis for informed decision-making. Public trust can be built by being transparent about the limitations and uncertainties of scientific knowledge and by acknowledging the role of values in policy choices.
Rebuilding Trust in Science
To rebuild trust in science, it is crucial to emphasize the collective nature of scientific knowledge and decision-making. This can be achieved by promoting diversity and democracy within the scientific community, being transparent about the values and assumptions underlying scientific research, and engaging with the public in a clear and honest manner. Trust in science can be enhanced by acknowledging that scientific understanding is provisional and subject to revision as new evidence emerges.
Science is the belief in the ignorance of experts' argued Richard Feynman. He held that the best science respects no authority and is not a learnt set of facts, but a rigorous method of questioning in search of a better account. Yet in the pandemic governments and commentators propounded the opposite, that experts should be followed without question. Feynman proposed that good science guesses at theories and then looks to see whether they are supported by the data. But in public debate there is rarely clarity about the theory and little focus on the data.
Should we see science not as an agreed body of knowledge but a method to improve our account of the world? Should science never have been seen as an authority? Or are authorities necessary since we cannot all test all of the theories all of the time?
Author of How The World Thinks Julian Baggini, philosopher of biology Ellen Clarke, and radical philosopher Ben Burgis tackle our diminishing trust in experts and what to do about it. Hosted by Güneş Taylor.