David Kenny, a political science professor at Trinity College Dublin, dives into why democracies fail by analyzing lessons from the collapse of the Old Republic in Star Wars. The conversation explores the allure of authoritarianism and the pitfalls of military aesthetics in fantasy narratives. Kenny discusses the tensions of power dynamics, especially within the New Republic, and critiques the ethical dilemmas faced by fictional democracies like X-Men. The episode also emphasizes proactive leadership as essential for safeguarding democratic values against rising fascist threats.
The podcast explores how citizens often gravitate towards authoritarianism during crises, driven by fears and desires for stability rather than ideology.
It emphasizes the importance of accountability and collective action in democracies to combat anti-democratic forces, drawing parallels with fictional narratives.
Deep dives
The Mechanisms Behind Democracy's Decline
Democracies can falter when citizens seek strong leadership during times of crisis, a phenomenon highlighted using the Star Wars narrative. In the prequel 'Revenge of the Sith,' Chancellor Palpatine manipulates a crisis to secure emergency powers, illustrating how fear can prompt citizens to support authoritarian governance. Historical parallels indicate that populations sometimes endorse fascism due to their desire for stability and decisive action, rather than a genuine belief in totalitarian ideals. This inclination for extremities often arises from weak governance structures failing to meet public needs, pushing citizens toward seemingly palatable alternatives.
Law and Equality: A Fragile Balance
The podcast discusses the idea that adherence to the law does not inherently guarantee the preservation of democracy, drawing on David Kenny's analysis. The Old Republic in Star Wars exemplifies this as legal discussions become superficial while real governance falters, leading to chaos and eventual authoritarianism. Additionally, the notion of equality in this context is critiqued; while the Old Republic aimed to give everyone a voice, it ultimately diluted effective responses to specific societal needs. This resulted in a lack of true representation and urgency, contributing to the system's collapse.
The Complexities of Power Structures
A major theme centers on the Jedi's perceived failure as protectors of democracy, where their elitist approach and rigid codes create conflict rather than resolve it. The Jedi function similarly to a judiciary, lacking proper oversight, and their detachment from civic realities raises questions about their legitimacy. The portrayal of the Jedi in recent narratives suggests an examining of their role and the potential for authoritarian tendencies despite good intentions. This prompts discussions on the balance of power and accountability in keeping democratic values intact.
Insights from Fiction: Militant Democracies and Societal Change
The concept of 'militant democracy' highlights the necessity for democratic systems to protect themselves against anti-democratic forces, a complex but crucial reality. This concept finds resonance in contemporary narratives such as Star Trek and Octavia Butler's works, which explore themes of rebuilding and maintaining societal harmony amidst turmoil. The challenges of integrating former adversaries into a new societal framework, as depicted in Star Wars, reflect real-world dilemmas faced by nations post-conflict. Emphasizing collective action and adaptability, these fictional frameworks suggest that resilience is essential for democracies navigating an evolving political landscape.
In the years since my 2020 episode Fantasy and Fascism, I knew that I had to make a follow-up episode. The political landscape was changing in ways I didn’t expect while major sci-fi fantasy franchises were reflecting those anxieties. Last time, I focused on how SFF worlds depicted fascism. This time, I wanted to look at the other half of the equation -- why people lose faith in democracy. I interviewed Trinity College Dublin professor David Kenny about his paper on the lessons we can learn from the collapse of the old Republic in Star Wars. I also talked with historian and podcaster Stefan Sasse, and teacher and writer Shawn Taylor about why the New Republic made the same mistakes, and all new ones. Plus, we look at what it takes to maintain democracy in the latest Star Trek shows, and X-Men ’97. Spoilers included.
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