Explore Aristotle's 'Politics' as he delves into the role of wealth in governing societies, contrasting with Plato's idealism. Discover Aristotle's vision of active citizenship and political virtue, challenging the notion of mere obedience to laws. Uncover the historical influences on Aristotle's political theories and his pragmatic approach to creating an ideal society through communal institutions.
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Quick takeaways
Aristotle emphasizes governance should serve the common good, combating corruption from dominant group interests.
Aristotle's pragmatic approach values middle-class role and community diversity, contrasting with Plato's idealistic view.
Deep dives
Aristotle's Views on Political Rule
Aristotle discusses the essence of different forms of ruling, contrasting democracy, oligarchy, and tyranny. He emphasizes that political rule should serve the interest of the ruled, unlike master-slave rule. According to Aristotle, corruption in democracy, oligarchy, and tyranny arises from serving the dominant group's interests rather than the common good.
Contrast Between Aristotle and Plato
Aristotle's pragmatic approach to finding the human good and structuring societies differs from Plato's idealistic view. While Plato sought governance in line with the idea of the good accessed through a separate realm, Aristotle believed in understanding the human good collectively in the present. Aristotle valued the role of the middle class and diverse community structures, contrasting with Plato's emphasis on a unified city ruled by knowledge of the good.
Aristotle's Influence Through History
Aristotle's political ideas influenced various thinkers and periods, including Machiavelli and Aquinas, integrating Aristotelian concepts with Christianity. His emphasis on citizenship, education for virtues, and a balanced society resonates in current debates on citizenship training and wealth distribution. Aristotle's vision of active citizenship and political participation continues to be relevant in contemporary discussions on governance and societal structures.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss one of the most important works of political philosophy ever written - Aristotle’s ‘Politics’. Looking out across the city states of 4th century Greece Aristotle asked what made a society good and developed a language of ‘oligarchies’, ‘democracies’ and ‘monarchies’ that we still use today. Having witnessed his home town of Stagira destroyed by Philip of Macedon, Aristotle tried to establish a way of preserving a good society in dangerous times. How should it be governed and who should be allowed to live in it? Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Thomas Aquinas and Niccolo Machiavelli, to name but a few, have all asked the same questions and come up with wildly differing answers.Aristotle’s conclusions range across the role of wealth and the law, across men, women and slaves, education and leisure. They are far reaching, influential and, at times, deeply unpalatable. But they are also answers to questions that have not and will not go away. With Angie Hobbs, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Warwick; Paul Cartledge, AG Leventis Professor of Greek Culture at the University of Cambridge and Annabel Brett, Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Cambridge.
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