Selena Wisnom, "The Library of Ancient Wisdom: Mesopotamia and the Making of the Modern World" (U Chicago Press, 2025)

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Mar 13, 2025

In this engaging discussion, Selena Wisnom, an Assyriologist and lecturer at the University of Leicester, unearths the wonders of ancient Mesopotamian libraries. She reveals how the burning of Ashurbanipal's library preserved vital knowledge, showcasing a culture rich in mathematics, astronomy, and literature. Wisnom dives into Mesopotamian mythology, focusing on the complexities of goddess Ishtar, and contrasts ancient magic practices with modern interpretations. Finally, she highlights the human side of ancient scholars and the enduring legacy of Babylonian literature.

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ANECDOTE

Discovery of Cuneiform Tablets

In 1850, archaeologists unearthed the "Chamber of Records" in Iraq, filled with cuneiform tablets.
This marked the first major discovery of such a large collection, aiding in deciphering the ancient writing system.

INSIGHT

Library's Purpose and Audience

The library wasn't for public lending but likely King Ashurbanipal's personal collection and archive.
It served as a research and teaching resource for scholars and future generations.

INSIGHT

Learning Cuneiform

Cuneiform, a 3D script written on clay tablets, had a structured learning process similar to today’s education.
Students progressed from basic literacy to cultural and specialized knowledge.

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When a team of Victorian archaeologists dug into a grassy hill in Iraq, they chanced upon one of the oldest and greatest stores of knowledge ever seen: the library of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal, seventh century BCE ruler of a huge swathe of the ancient Middle East known as Mesopotamia. After his death, vengeful rivals burned Ashurbanipal’s library to the ground - yet the texts, carved on clay tablets, were baked and preserved by the heat. Buried for millennia, the tablets were written in cuneiform: the first written language in the world.

More than half of human history is written in cuneiform, but only a few hundred people on earth can read it. In The Library of Ancient Wisdom: Mesopotamia and the Making of History (U Chicago Press, 2025), Assyriologist Dr. Selena Wisnom takes us on an immersive tour of this extraordinary library, bringing ancient Mesopotamia and its people to life. Through it, we encounter a world of astonishing richness, complexity and sophistication. Mesopotamia, she shows, was home to advanced mathematics, astronomy and banking, law and literature. This was a culture absorbed and developed by the ancient Greeks, and whose myths were precursors to Bible stories - in short, a culture without which our lives today would be unrecognizable.

The Library of Ancient Wisdom unearths a civilization at once strange and strangely familiar: a land of capricious gods, exorcisms and professional lamenters, whose citizens wrote of jealous rivalries, profound friendships and petty grievances. Through these pages we come face to face with humanity’s first civilization: their startling achievements, their daily life, and their struggle to understand our place in the universe.

This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose new book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars.

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