'Agranulocytes' is explored in this episode of the A-Z of the Human Body podcast. Dr. Matt and Dr. Mike cover the origin and differentiation of white blood cells, the role of granules in inducing immune responses, and the impact of agranulocytosis on the immune system.
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Quick takeaways
Monocytes are agranular white blood cells that transform into macrophages and play a crucial role in immune response.
TMB lymphocytes give rise to plasma cells and coordinate immune responses, while neutropenia increases vulnerability to infections.
Deep dives
Agranular Sites: Monocytes
Monocytes are agranular white blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream. When they encounter infection or tissues, they can transform into macrophages, which are responsible for engulfing and removing foreign substances like bacteria and dead cells. Additionally, there are also macrophages that reside in tissues constantly. Monocytes play a crucial role in the immune response by acting as phagocytes and contributing to inflammation.
Agranular Sites: TMB Lymphocytes
TMB lymphocytes are another type of agranular white blood cell. They give rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies, an essential component of the adaptive immune system. TMB lymphocytes are vital in coordinating immune responses, with some T cells serving as generals that call upon other cells for assistance, while cytotoxic T cells directly attack and destroy infected or abnormal cells. Unlike granulocytes, agranular sites do not contain granules filled with substances like histamine.
Agranular Cytosis: Reduction in Granulocytes
Contrary to the name, agranular cytosis is not a reduction in agranular sites. Instead, it refers to a reduction in granulocytes, particularly neutrophils. Neutropenia, the most common form of agranular cytosis, occurs when there is a significant decrease in neutrophil count, which puts individuals at a heightened risk of infections. Conditions like HIV can lead to agranular cytosis as the virus affects T-helper cells, compromising the immune response and increasing vulnerability to various infections.