Angie Hobbs, David Sedley, and James Warren delve into Epicureanism, focusing on pleasure as life's goal, atom theory, friendship, and Lucretius's influence. The discussion includes Epicurean beliefs on free will, mental tranquility, therapeutic remedies for the soul, the impact on Roman culture, and the contrast with Christianity.
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Quick takeaways
Epicureanism values mental tranquility over material pleasure, emphasizing simplicity, virtue, and friendship.
The foundation of Epicureanism lies in the belief that the universe consists of atoms and void, with the ultimate goal of human life being the avoidance of pain.
Deep dives
Understanding Epicureanism: The Life and Philosophy of Epicurus
Epicurus, an ancient Greek philosopher, founded Epicureanism in the 4th century BC, focusing on pleasure as the ultimate good. Living a life free from bodily pain, mental anxieties, and fears was central to his teachings. Epicurus emphasized a simple life, ethical living, and the importance of friendship within his philosophical community.
Epicurean Doctrine: Tetrapharmakos and Core Beliefs
Epicurus formulated the 'Tetrapharmakos,' a fourfold remedy as the core tenet of his philosophical system. It advocated a fearless attitude towards gods and death, emphasizing that good can be easily attained through satisfying basic desires. Epicurus also promoted the idea that mental painlessness is the highest pleasure, stressing the role of reason, virtues, and memory in achieving tranquility.
Epicurean Influence and Adaptation Over Time
Epicureanism faced competition from other philosophical schools such as Stoicism and skepticism in ancient Athens. Despite initial conservative perceptions, Epicureanism evolved and adapted in the Roman world through figures like Philodemus, influencing poets like Lucretius. The philosophy was rediscovered in the Renaissance, resonating with scientific and cultural developments.
Epicureanism and Christianity: Clash of Worldviews
Epicureanism clashed with Christianity due to fundamental differences in beliefs about gods, death, and divine intervention. The rise of Christianity and its incompatible doctrines contributed to the waning influence of Epicureanism in the early AD years. The philosophy re-emerged in the West during the Renaissance, sparking debates on its compatibility with Christian teachings.
Angie Hobbs, David Sedley and James Warren join Melvyn Bragg to discuss Epicureanism, the system of philosophy based on the teachings of Epicurus and founded in Athens in the fourth century BC. Epicurus outlined a comprehensive philosophical system based on the idea that everything in the Universe is constructed from two phenomena: atoms and void. At the centre of his philosophy is the idea that the goal of human life is pleasure, by which he meant not luxury but the avoidance of pain. His followers were suspicious of marriage and politics but placed great emphasis on friendship. Epicureanism became influential in the Roman world, particularly through Lucretius's great poem De Rerum Natura, which was rediscovered and widely admired in the Renaissance.
With:
Angie Hobbs
Professor of the Public Understanding of Philosophy at the University of Sheffield
David Sedley
Laurence Professor of Ancient Philosophy at the University of Cambridge
James Warren
Reader in Ancient Philosophy at the University of Cambridge
Producer: Thomas Morris.
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