Esme Stallard, a BBC climate and science reporter, dives into the murky world of carbon offsetting. She discusses a recent study revealing that many offset schemes fail to achieve real emissions reductions. The conversation tackles whether these initiatives are simply distractions from more effective climate action. Additionally, Joshua Gabriel Oluwaseyi, a Nigerian climate activist, shares insight into the impact of these schemes in his country, questioning their true value. Together, they shed light on the ethical dilemmas surrounding carbon credits.
Carbon offsetting aims to balance carbon emissions through funding projects like tree planting, but many schemes fail to deliver real reductions.
The ethical implications of carbon offsetting question its effectiveness, as local communities often face negative consequences despite the intended benefits.
Deep dives
Understanding Carbon Offsetting Mechanisms
Carbon offsetting allows individuals and companies to compensate for their emissions, such as those from flying, by purchasing carbon credits. These funds are intended to support various projects, particularly in developing nations, that contribute to emissions reduction, such as renewable energy initiatives and tree planting. For example, funds might be used to provide solar cook stoves in areas without electricity, thus reducing reliance on coal and gas. This concept promotes a balance where richer nations can help poorer ones, but its effectiveness hinges on the actual implementation of these projects.
Challenges of Emissions Reduction Claims
The effectiveness of carbon offsetting is questionable, as research shows that many offset projects may overstate their actual emissions reductions. A significant study indicated that only about 16% of carbon offset projects achieve their intended goals due to issues like deforestation elsewhere offsetting benefits. The principles of permanence and additionality further complicate matters, as it can be difficult to ensure that protections last long-term and that financed projects are genuinely needed. This creates frustration among companies and countries navigating a contentious market where credibility varies greatly.
Local Impact and Ethical Considerations
Carbon offsetting can have unintended negative consequences on local communities, including displacement and resource allocation issues. Investigations, such as those by Human Rights Watch, have revealed instances where local populations were removed from their lands in the name of environmental projects. Furthermore, the ethics of using developing countries for carbon offsetting raises moral questions, especially since these nations contribute less to global emissions. Stakeholders argue that while carbon offsetting can provide economic opportunities, it should be an adjunct solution rather than a primary one in the broader fight against climate change.
Carbon offsetting is a way to try to balance carbon emissions. It’s when an individual, company or governments invest in projects that try to take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, to compensate for their own carbon footprint.
Many of the schemes - like planting trees, protecting forests or switching to cleaner fuels - are set up in places like Africa or South America.
But how do these schemes work in practice? A paper published in 2024 in the science journal Nature found that few schemes led to a “real emission reductions“. Are they just a distraction or worse - a con? BBC climate and science reporter Esme Stallard answers our questions.
And Joshua Gabriel Oluwaseyi, a 24 year old climate activist in Nigeria, gives us his view on the impact carbon offsetting schemes have had in Nigeria - and whether he thinks they are worth doing.
Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld
Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk
WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6
Presenter: Hannah Gelbart
Producers: Julia Ross-Roy and Maria Clara Montoya
Video Journalist: Baldeep Chahal
Editor: Verity Wilde
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