
New Books Network Liang Qichao, "Thoughts from the Ice-Drinker’s Studio: Essays on China and the World" (Penguin Classics, 2023)
Dec 13, 2025
Historian Peter Zarrow, a translator of modern Chinese texts, discusses his new translation of Liang Qichao's influential essays. He highlights Liang's evolution from political awakening in the Qing dynasty to his ideas on citizenship, democracy, and women's rights during China's modernization. Zarrow reveals Liang's unique perspectives formed during his exile in Japan and addresses the challenges of translating his complex references. The conversation also touches on Liang's enduring impact on anti-imperialism and civic identity in contemporary China.
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Liang's Thought Evolves With Context
- Liang Qichao's essays show him wrestling with citizenship, democracy, and women's rights across different life phases.
- Peter Zarrow arranged translations to reveal how Liang's thinking evolved rather than present fixed doctrines.
Early Life And Unexpected Patronage
- Liang grew up poor in Guangdong and passed provincial exams at 16, which launched his intellectual career.
- An examiner married Liang's younger sister to him and helped him learn standard Mandarin for northern careers.
Education As Foundation For Citizenship
- Early essays emphasize systemic institutional reform: public schools, exam reform, and trained officials.
- Liang tied education to creating capable citizens able to engage in public life.


