Historian and author Christopher Harding explores the enduring fascination of the West with India, China, and Japan. From early encounters with war elephants and Indian philosophers to Marco Polo's journeys challenging European beliefs, the podcast delves into the impact of Asia on the West. It also discusses the portrayal of Buddha in 'The Light of Asia', the darker side of Western fascination with Asia, and the growing influence of Asian ideas on Western society.
Europeans were captivated by the wealth and exoticism of Asia, perceiving it as a source of spiritual wisdom and deep philosophical questioning.
Early encounters between the West and Asia in the 5th century BCE focused on India, with notable figures reporting the fabulous strangeness and wealth of the region.
Marco Polo's accounts of his travels in Asia, along with the Jesuit missionaries' studies and conversions, sparked Western curiosity and shaped understandings of the region.
Deep dives
European fascination with India, China, and Japan
The podcast explores the enduring fascination that Europeans have had with India, China, and Japan from the 6th century BCE to the early 21st century. It discusses how these three civilizations have captivated the West throughout history and shaped the relationship between East and West.
Early encounters and exploration
In the 5th century BCE, early encounters between the West and Asia were primarily focused on India. Notable figures, like Silax of Kariander, ventured to India and reported both the fabulous strangeness and wealth of the region, piquing Western interest. Alexander the Great and his encounters with India also laid the foundation for the perception of the East as a place of wisdom and spiritual depth.
Wealth and spirituality as driving factors
The wealth and exoticism of Asia, particularly in the form of spices and precious gems, fascinated Europeans. Additionally, Asia was perceived as a place of spiritual wisdom and deep philosophical questioning. These factors attracted European interest and contributed to the perception of Asia as a source of wealth and spiritual enlightenment.
Influence of Marco Polo and the Jesuit missionaries
Marco Polo's detailed accounts of his travels in Asia, particularly China, sparked curiosity and shaped Western understandings of the region. The Jesuit missionaries in Asia furthered this interest, studying local languages, customs, and religious practices. Their mission to convert the elite class of society led to deeper discoveries of Asian wisdom and the spread of knowledge back to Europe.
Self-referential views and the Western soul
Throughout history, Europe's fascination with Asia has often been self-referential, seeking to learn from and critique its own society. This trend continued into the 20th century, with figures like Alan Watts emphasizing the need for Westerners to find wisdom in Asian philosophies to address the spiritual and cultural challenges of their time. However, critics have highlighted the potential superficiality and self-serving nature of this fascination.
Asia has long enthralled people in the west, with voyages of discovery and military expeditions setting out in search of wealth, wisdom and the chance to explore a "strange new world". Historian and author Christopher Harding speaks to Matt Elton about westeners' enduring fascination with India, China and Japan, and the ways in which it has shaped the relationship between East and West from the ancient world to the 21st century.
(Ad) Christopher Harding is the author of The Light of Asia: A History of Western Fascination with the East (Allen Lane, 2024). Buy it now from Amazon: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Light-Asia-History-Western-Fascination-ebook/dp/B0C68SSV9D/?tag=bbchistory045-21&ascsubtag=historyextra-social-histboty
The HistoryExtra podcast is produced by the team behind BBC History Magazine.