HoP 434 - The Eye Sees Not Itself But By Reflection - Theories of Vision
Dec 10, 2023
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Exploring changing ideas about eyesight, light, mirror images, and refraction, including the theories of vision proposed by Aristotle, Ibn al-Haitham, and Witalo, and Kepler's understanding of light as a physical phenomenon. Delving into religious attitudes towards vision and the skeptical worries they may have inspired.
The podcast explores the theories of vision and the refraction of light, including the discovery of Snell's law by Harriet and Descartes.
The changing attitudes towards vision in early modern times led to skepticism, but optical advances aimed to reveal the true nature of phenomena.
Deep dives
Theories of Vision and the Bent Stick Illusion
The podcast explores the theories of vision and discusses the visual illusion of a straight stick appearing bent when half submerged in water. The explanation for this illusion lies in the refraction of light, where the difference in refractive index between water and air causes the bending of light. The discovery of Snell's law by Thomas Harriet and Rene Descartes' publication of a proof for this law in 1637 are also mentioned.
Harriet's Atomistic Explanation and Tensions with Kepler
The podcast highlights Thomas Harriet's explanation of refraction based on an atomic theory of matter. Harriet's idea suggests that reflected light off the top layer of atoms in a body causes the appearance of the reflected object, while refracted light passes through the empty spaces between atoms. However, Nathaniel Torporley criticized Harriet's explanation, pointing out that the multiple rays of light should bounce off atoms in various directions. The podcast also discusses Harriet's correspondence with Johannes Kepler and Kepler's interest in using optical theory to improve astronomical data.
Changing Attitudes Towards Vision and the Rise of Skepticism
The podcast examines the changing attitudes towards vision in early modern times, which led to the rise of skepticism. Factors such as optical illusions, melancholy, and the Reformation played a role in undermining trust in visual experiences. Protestant thinkers started valuing the auditory over the visible, while skepticism influenced authors like Montaigne and Chae-Hong. However, the podcast points out that the optical advances made by Harriet, Kepler, and their contemporaries were driven by the desire to correct for optical effects, using mathematics and measurements to reveal the true nature of phenomena.