Explore the ancient concept of 'music of the spheres' and its ties to mathematics and music, from Pythagorean theory to celestial harmony. Delve into the mystical world of planetary movement creating celestial music and the pragmatic astronomy of Ptolemy. Discover how music can influence the mind according to Ficino and the transition from Copernicus to Kepler in understanding cosmic harmony.
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Quick takeaways
The concept of music of the spheres intertwines mathematical harmony with planetary movements, reflecting a cosmic symphony.
Pythagoras' discovery of musical consonances in weights establishes a link between music, astronomy, and astrology.
Deep dives
Pythagoras' Musical Foundation
Pythagoras, influenced by a smithy's sounds, discovers the musical consonances related to weights, establishing the foundation of musical harmony. This discovery leads to the concept that music is mathematically structured, linking to astronomy and astrology. Pythagoras extends his findings to the idea of inherent harmonies in the universe, connecting the microcosm and macrocosm.
Musical Harmony of the Universe
Pythagoras envisions a cosmos of nested spheres, each with distinct tonal sequences corresponding to planetary movements. The concept elicits discussions on the spherical nature of heavenly bodies and their harmonic relationships. Despite varying perspectives on the high and low notes of celestial bodies, the overall notion emphasizes the harmonic structure of the cosmos.
Copernicus and Celestial Harmony
Copernicus' heliocentric model relocates Earth among planets, unveiling harmonious planetary motions and relative distances. By anchoring his system on observable celestial movements, Copernicus harmonizes the cosmos mathematically and astronomically. His groundbreaking approach aligns with the ancient concept of celestial harmony.
Kepler's Musical Notation in Astronomy
Kepler integrates musical notation into astronomical observations, demonstrating whole number ratios governing planetary speed relationships. Despite abandoning physical spheres for orbits, Kepler illustrates harmony in planetary motions using harmonic ratios. This approach allows for a musical interpretation of celestial movements beyond the sphere-centered models.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the music of the spheres, the elegant and poetic idea that the revolution of the planets generates a celestial harmony of profound and transcendent beauty. In Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice the young Lorenzo woos his sweetheart with talk of the stars: “There’s not the smallest orb which thou behold’stBut in his motion like an angel sings,Still quiring to the young-eyed cherubins;Such harmony is in immortal souls;But whilst this muddy vesture of decayDoth grossly close it in, we cannot hear it.”The idea of music of the spheres ran through late antiquity and the medieval period into the Renaissance and its echoes could be heard in astrology and astronomy, in theology, and, of course, in music itself. Influenced by Pythagoras and Plato, it was discussed by Cicero, Boethius, Marcello Ficino and Johannes Kepler It affords us a glimpse into minds for which the universe was full of meaning, of strange correspondences and grand harmonies.With Peter Forshaw, Postdoctoral Fellow at Birkbeck, University of London; Jim Bennett, Director of the Museum of the History of Science at the University of Oxford and Angela Voss, Director of the Cultural Study of Cosmology and Divination at the University of Kent, Canterbury.
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