TED Talks Daily The surprising science of adolescent brains | Jennifer Pfeifer
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Oct 27, 2025 
Neuroscientist Jennifer Pfeifer dives into the intricate world of adolescent brains, shedding light on their transformative growth. She challenges myths around puberty and hormones, explaining how early maturation can lead to body image issues and depression risks, particularly for girls. Pfeifer also argues that adolescents can make mature decisions when given the right environment. With findings suggesting social media has a minimal impact on mental health, she emphasizes the importance of relationships and community support during these pivotal years.
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Adolescence Is A Prolonged Growth Window
- Adolescence spans roughly ages 10 to 25, defined by puberty onset and social role acquisition.
- Jennifer Pfeifer argues adolescent brains are shaped to explore, learn from rewards, and be sensitive to social status.
Early Puberty Harms Via Perception, Not Hormones
- Early puberty raises depression risk mainly because of body perception and social treatment, not hormones alone.
- Pfeifer highlights adultification: society treats early-maturing youths as more grown-up, which changes expectations and harms them.
Talk Openly About Puberty Early
- Talk candidly about puberty with middle schoolers to build a foundation for future honest conversations.
- Open communication about bodily changes supports mental health and later discussions.