Putin's war economy: Are Russians feeling the pinch?
Oct 4, 2024
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Joining the discussion are Stephanie Baker, a senior Bloomberg writer and author of "Punishing Putin," and Alexander Gabuev, director at the Carnegie Russia Eurasia Centre. They dive into Russia's dramatic 25% increase in defense spending amidst mounting economic challenges. Is the war economy sustainable? Despite Western sanctions, Russia shows surprising resilience, bolstered by oil revenues. The guests explore socio-economic divides in Russia, with labor shortages and shifting demographics raising questions about the long-term viability of this military-driven model.
Russia's defense spending is projected to rise significantly, prioritizing military goals over social welfare amid Western sanctions and economic pressures.
Despite signs of resilience and economic growth, challenges like rising inflation and labor shortages threaten the sustainability of Putin's wartime economy.
Deep dives
Russia's Increased Defense Spending
Russia's defense spending is set to increase by an astonishing 25%, reaching an all-time high of 13.5 trillion rubles in 2025. This allocation, accounting for approximately 40% of the government's budget, underscores the determination of Vladimir Putin to continue the war in Ukraine. Despite the pressures of Western sanctions, Russia has seen its oil export income exceed pre-war levels, contributing to robust economic growth even in the face of isolation. This lofty military expenditure indicates that the Kremlin prioritizes military goals over social welfare, with defense spending now surpassing that of social programs for several years.
Impact of Sanctions on the Russian Economy
Despite the unprecedented sanctions imposed on Russia by Western nations, the nation's economy has shown resilience and potential for growth. Factors such as a well-managed central bank and high global oil prices have allowed Russia to recover economically, even surpassing some G7 nations in growth. Yet, analysts caution that unless the G7 coalition can effectively lower oil revenues and curb the economic benefits derived from the war, Russia's military ambitions may remain financially sustainable. There are signs of trouble ahead, however, with rising inflation and labor shortages potentially complicating Russia's ability to maintain its war efforts.
Long-term Sustainability of Russia's Wartime Economy
Experts express concerns about the long-term viability of Russia's wartime economy, heavily reliant on defense spending and oil revenues. While the current military spending fuels immediate economic activity, it lacks productivity, as much of the output is directed towards the war effort rather than civilian goods. Challenges such as labor shortages and a declining population significantly threaten this model, with increasing difficulty in recruiting soldiers and operating defense factories. Ultimately, the combination of economic mismanagement, diminishing oil demand, and a potential regime change could lead to a severe economic downturn in the coming years.
Russia has revealed it will boost its defence spending by a quarter to $145 billion in 2025. But is Putin’s war economy sustainable? What does all this mean for life in the country? And how could it impact the war?
The BBC’s Steve Rosenberg joins us from a Moscow supermarket, Russian citizen ‘Gleb’ explains why there are dozens of types of cola in shops, and Bloomberg’s Stephanie Baker joins Carnegie’s Alexander Gabuev to discuss whether Russians are feeling the pinch.
Today’s episode is presented by Victoria Derbyshire and Vitaly Shevchenko.
The producers were Arsenii Sokolov, Cordelia Hemming and Ivana Davidovic. The technical producer was Ben Andrews. The series producer is Tim Walklate. The senior news editor is Sarah Wadeson.
Email Ukrainecast@bbc.co.uk with your questions and comments. You can also send us a message or voice note via WhatsApp, Signal or Telegram to +44 330 1239480
You can join the Ukrainecast discussion on Newscast’s Discord server here: tinyurl.com/ukrainecastdiscord
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