Witch-Hunting in European and World History - Ronald Hutton
Jul 22, 2024
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Ronald Hutton, an expert in European and World History, discusses the global phenomenon of witch-hunting, focusing on the impact of beliefs on society, global efforts to end persecution, and the historical context of European practices. The lecture examines the religious conflicts leading to intense witch hunts, demographics of victims, and the eventual decline influenced by changing societal beliefs.
Witch persecution is still prevalent in various countries, enforced through laws and vigilante attacks.
The decline of witch hunting in Europe was influenced by societal disbelief, improved conditions, and failed outcomes of trials.
Deep dives
Definitions of Witchcraft
There are four definitions of witches in the English-speaking world. The oldest definition pertains to witches using magic to harm others. Another older definition includes any magic use, good or bad. The modern feminist view portrays witches as symbols of female power, while another modern perspective sees witches as practitioners of pagan, nature-focused religions.
Current Global Witch Persecution
Witch persecution remains prevalent in Cameroon, Ghana, Malawi, the Ivory Coast, and Saudi Arabia, enforced through laws against witchcraft. These laws have led to fines, imprisonment, and even beheadings as punishments. In regions without specific laws, vigilante attacks on suspected witches have resulted in numerous deaths, highlighting the widespread impact of witch persecution.
Historical Overview of Witch Hunting
Witch hunting in early modern Europe emerged from societal fears and religious beliefs. Factors such as geopolitical changes, climate shifts, and the Black Death contributed to the rise in witch trials. The peak of witch persecution occurred from 1580 to 1640, driven by religious conflicts and a belief in a satanic conspiracy involving witches.
Transition from Witch Hunting
The decline of witch hunting in Europe was influenced by factors like improved agricultural conditions, diminishing threats from external forces, and the failure of witch trials to produce desired outcomes. European states gradually moved away from convicting individuals of witchcraft, leading to the eventual repeal of laws against witch persecution. Over time, societal disbelief in magic and witchcraft further contributed to the end of witch hunting across Europe.
This lecture confronts the worldwide phenomenon of the persecution of suspected witches, now a serious, contemporary problem condemned by the UN in 2021.
It will show what has been unusual about Europe in this global pattern, and why the notorious early modern witch hunts there commenced and ended.
This lecture was recorded by Ronald Hutton on 5th June 2024 at Barnard's Inn Hall, London
The transcript of the lecture is available from the Gresham College website: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/watch-now/witches-europe
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