Norman Davies, Professor Emeritus at UCL and author of 'George II: Not Just a British Monarch', sheds light on the often-forgotten reign of George II. He discusses the complexities of managing a composite state, revealing the duality of George II’s identity as a British and European monarch. The conversation dives into his family turmoil and the influences of his upbringing. Davies also addresses George II's overlooked contributions and the intricate connections to the transatlantic slave trade, prompting a re-evaluation of his historical legacy.
George II's governance of Great Britain and his German territories showcased a complex rule that balanced diverse political interests and maintained stability.
Despite being criticized as a cultural Philistine, George II made significant contributions to the arts and education, establishing important institutions in both Britain and Germany.
Deep dives
Reevaluation of George II's Reign
George II's reign is often dismissed as unsuccessful and unremarkable, yet evidence suggests otherwise. Historians have labeled him with terms like 'non-entity' and 'incompetent,' which is a stark contrast to his actual governance over a vital era, including the rise of the first British Empire during the Seven Years' War. His ability to effectively manage international relations, especially concerning Jacobite uprisings and his dual role as both King of Great Britain and the Prince Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, reflected a more complex and successful rule than typically acknowledged. His 33-year reign included significant achievements, and despite lacking extensive documentation, it is clear that he maintained stability in a tumultuous period.
The Composite State Concept
George II's rule can be better understood through the lens of 'composite states', a term that describes his simultaneous governance of Great Britain and his German territories. This dual responsibility often shaped his political priorities, leading to a blend of interests that aimed to protect both British and German territories. His governance approach faced criticism from factions who believed England's interests should take precedence, illustrating the inherent conflicts within his rule. By recognizing these composite dynamics, a broader view of George II's reign emerges, showcasing his efforts to maintain coherence across diverse political landscapes.
Cultural Patronage and Legacy
While often accused of being a cultural Philistine, George II was an influential patron of the arts and education, establishing significant institutions such as the University of Göttingen and supporting the founding of American universities like Princeton and Columbia. His engagement with cultural affairs, particularly in Germany, contrasts sharply with the traditional English narrative that tends to overlook his contributions outside Britain. Notably, he was also involved in the slave trade through his roles in various trading companies, highlighting a complex legacy that intertwines cultural patronage and controversial economic practices. Despite these accomplishments, George II remains largely unrecognized in the historical record, with scant memorialization for a monarch who presided over notable developments in both Britain and abroad.
Norman Davies introduces a long-maligned and overlooked monarch, George II, King of Great Britain and Ireland and Elector of Hanover, considering the legacy of his rule, the familial rifts that characterised his reign, and his role in the trade of enslaved people.
