How linguists solve crimes, with Natalie Schilling
Oct 31, 2024
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Natalie Schilling, a forensic linguist and professor emerita at Georgetown University, dives into how language can crack criminal cases. She discusses intriguing methods used to analyze manifestos, ransom notes, and social media communications. Listeners learn about the linguistic profiling of the Unabomber and the significance of dialect in investigations. Schilling also explains how emojis and texting styles offer critical clues in identifying suspects, revealing the rich interplay between language and law.
Forensic linguistics applies linguistic analysis to criminal contexts, helping law enforcement identify suspects through unique language patterns and regional dialects.
Landmark cases, like the Unabomber's manifesto, demonstrate how linguistic features can provide critical evidence and insights during criminal investigations.
Deep dives
The Role of Forensic Linguistics
Forensic linguistics involves applying linguistic principles to legal contexts, focusing on how language interacts with the law. It includes analyzing language evidence in criminal cases, such as threats or anonymous communications, to identify suspects based on linguistic features. Linguists can determine various demographic factors from audio or written evidence, using details like regional accents and specific word choices. This scientific approach helps law enforcement narrow down their investigations by profiling speakers or authors.
Speaker Profiling and Language Evidence
In forensic linguistics, speaker profiling allows investigators to analyze spoken audio, identifying aspects such as the speaker's native language or regional accent. By examining linguistic characteristics in anonymous threats, linguists can provide insights into the speaker's background, including possible location or demographics. Examples include narrowing a suspect pool based on regional dialects, as demonstrated in a case involving a bomb threat where a specific pronunciation indicated a New York City background. Analyzing language on multiple levels can reveal informative patterns that aid investigations.
Linguistic Tells and Regional Dialects
Linguistic tells, or features unique to certain regional dialects, can provide critical insights during forensic investigations. These includes specific vocabulary choices or grammatical structures that may inadvertently reveal a person's location or background. For instance, in a ransom note, the use of the term 'devil strip' pointed to a specific geographic area, aiding in identifying a suspect's origin. Such regional variations often escape the notice of authors, even when they're attempting to disguise their identity.
Famous Cases in Forensic Linguistics
Several landmark cases illustrate the power of forensic linguistics in solving crimes, particularly the notable Unabomber case. The extensive manifesto written by Ted Kaczynski provided a wealth of linguistic data for analysis, leading investigators to identify his unique language patterns and thematic concerns. Similarly, a case involving a ransom note showcased how unusual spellings can suggest someone was attempting to mask their true identity. These examples highlight the effectiveness of linguistic analysis in uncovering the nuances of language that can significantly impact criminal investigations.
1027. This week, I talk with forensic linguist Natalie Schilling about how people's language gives them away — in manifestos, ransom notes, text messages, and more.
Natalie Schilling is a professor emerita of linguistics at Georgetown University in Washington, DC, and runs a forensic linguistics consulting firm. You can find her on LinkedIn.